过渡金属氧化物对硬质聚氨酯泡沫阻燃和抑烟的影响  

The Influence of Transition Metal Oxides on Flame Retardant and Smoke Suppression Properties of Rigid Polyurethane Foams

作　　者：陈明军[1] 王许[1] 钟柳[1] 刘治国[1] 王会镇[1] 

机构地区：[1]西华大学理学院,四川成都610039

出　　处：《西华大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第4期8-12,共5页Journal of Xihua University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学青年基金项目(21504071);西华大学省部级学科平台开放课题(szjj2015-091)

摘　　要：选用可膨胀石墨(EG)和聚磷酸铵(APP)为阻燃剂,过渡金属氧化物(Cu_2O、Fe_2O_3、Ni_2O_3、Co_2O_3)为协效剂,APP、EG和过渡金属氧化物的质量比固定为15∶13∶2,总添加量为30 php,制备阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料(RPUF)。使用极限氧指数(LOI)、垂直燃烧(UL-94)和锥形量热(Cone)测试,研究不同种类的过渡金属氧化物对RPUF/APP/EG泡沫阻燃性能和烟气释放的影响。LOI和UL-94垂直燃烧结果表明,加入相同添加量(2 php)的过渡金属氧化物不同程度地改变了RPUF/APP/EG的阻燃性能,其中只有Cu_2O、APP和EG复配能进一步提高RPUF/APP/EG的LOI至25.5%,表现出协同阻燃效果,而其他过渡金属氧化物的加入都或多或少地降低了材料的LOI值。Cone测试结果表明,RPUF/15APP/13EG/2Cu_2O阻燃泡沫的总热释放量和烟气产生量与RPUF/15APP/15EG相比均得到明显降低,降幅分别为22%和20%。In this work, expandable graphite （EG） and ammonium polyphosphate （APP） were used as flame retardauts, and transition metal oxides （Cu2O, Fe2O3, Ni2O3, Co2O3 ） were used as synergists. The flame retardants and synergists were applied to prepare for flame -retardant rigid polyurethane foams （RPUF） at the same total contents of 30 php and the same mass ratio among APP, EG and transition metal oxides （15：13：2）. Then, tests of limiting oxygen index （LOI）, vertical burning test （UL -94） and cone calorimeter were used to investigate the flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties of RPUF. The experiment results of LOI and UL - 94 showed that the flame retardancy of RPUF/APP/EG was improved more or less by addition of transition metal oxides, in which only the addition of Cu2O could improve the LOI value to 25.5 % , exhibiting better synergistic effect with EG and APP than Fe2O3 , Ni2O3 and Co2O3. Besides, the addition of Cu2O could further decrease the total heat release and total smoke production of RPUF/ APP/EG by 22% and 20%, respectively.

关 键 词：硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料 过渡金属氧化物 膨胀阻燃 抑烟 

分 类 号：TQ050.43[化学工程]