训练环境的改变对自由式滑雪空中技巧国家队男运动员心理状态的影响  

Psychological Influence of Change of Training Environment on Male Athletes in National Freestyle Skiing Aerials Team

作　　者：王宝明[1,2] 张宇[3] 马毅[2] 康媛[4] 韩俊超[4] 曲广才 吴英涵 刘冠琪[4] 常波[2] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学体育与健康学院,上海200241 [2]沈阳体育学院,辽宁沈阳110102 [3]沈阳体育学院运动人体科学学院,辽宁沈阳110102 [4]沈阳体育学院研究生部,辽宁沈阳110102

出　　处：《沈阳体育学院学报》2016年第3期120-124,共5页Journal of Shenyang Sport University

基　　金：沈阳体育学院重点资助学科研究建设项目(1505)

摘　　要：目的:以自由式滑雪空中技巧国家队男运动员为研究对象,探究训练环境因素的变化对运动员心理状态的影响,旨在为自由式滑雪空中技巧或其他相关项目备战各大赛事取得良好的训练效果和赛前状态提供参考。方法:实验法、问卷调查法。结果:与夏训相比,冬季雪上训练期的降雪、场地、气温、风速、风向是自由式滑雪空中技巧国家队男运动员应对的敏感的训练环境因素。虽然这些敏感的环境因素对运动员的身体机能无影响,但将导致情绪应激和心理疲劳水平的显著增高、自我效能的显著下降等不良心理状态。结论:自由式滑雪空中技巧国家队男运动员在应对训练环境变化时,来自降雪、场地、气温、风速、风向等敏感的环境因素,将诱发其产生"非运动性心理疲劳"状态。这种不良的心理状态会影响运动员备战期间的训练效果和赛前状态,进而影响比赛成绩。Objective： In order to explore the influence of the change of training environment on athletes psychological state and provide a reference for free skiing aerials and other programs on how to make a well training or match achievement,the male athletes in the national team had been chosen for this study were done. Methods： experimental research and questionnaire survey were done. Results： Compared with summer training,the snow fall,stadium,temperature,wind speed and wind direction in winner training were the sensitive environmental factors for the male athletes of free-skiing aerials in the national team. Though these sensitive environmental factors had not influence on athletes＇ physical capacity,the emotional stress and psychological fatigue had significantly increased and the self-efficiency had significantly descended. Conclusions： The sensitive environmental factors from the snow fall,stadium,temperature,wind speed and wind direction would induce the psychological state of ＂non-exercise psychological fatigue＂w hile the male athletes of free-skiing aerials in the national team were training in different training periods. The undesirable psychological state should influence the training effect,pre-competition state,and even match achievement.

关 键 词：自由式滑雪空中技巧 男运动员 不同训练环境 心理状态 

分 类 号：G863.12[文化科学—体育训练]