冻害胁迫下防冻剂处理对小麦生理特征和产量的影响  

Effect of antifreeze on the physiological characteristics and yield of freezing-stressed wheat

作　　者：顾大路[1] 杨文飞[1] 文廷刚[1] 杜小凤[1] 王伟中[1] 吴传万[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所,江苏淮安223001

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2016年第3期490-496,共7页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：淮安市农科院院长基金项目(HNY201502);淮安市科技支撑计划(农业)项目(SN13067);国家小麦产业技术体系项目(CARS-3-2-13);公益性行业(农业)科研专项项目(201203033-07);江苏省农业三项工程项目[SXGC(2013)341]

摘　　要：以矮抗58和淮麦30为试验材料,研究了冻害胁迫下防冻剂对不同抗寒性小麦品种生理特征和产量及其构成因素的影响。冻害胁迫下,防冻剂处理显著提高了矮抗58和淮麦30叶绿素和游离脯氨酸含量,增加了SOD活性,降低了MDA含量,增强了根系活力,提高了两品种的抗寒能力。防冻剂对淮麦30抗寒性的提高效果更明显。相关性分析结果表明,小麦各生理指标的变化联系紧密,叶绿素含量、脯氨酸含量、SOD活性以及根系活力与植株抗寒能力密切相关。同时,矮抗58和淮麦30的成穗数、千粒质量和地上部分生物量均较对照显著增加,进而提高了小麦的产量和收获指数。相关分析表明,小麦产量与成穗数和穗粒数显著正相关。因此,在冻害胁迫下,喷施防冻剂来提高小麦抗寒性并保持小麦成穗数和穗粒数的稳定对小麦的稳产增产意义重大。The influence of antifreeze treatment on the physiological characteristics and yield as well as its components of wheat,Aikang 58 and Huaimai 30,were studied under freezing stress. The antifreeze raised the chlorophyll content and proline content,increased SOD activity,decreased MDA content,and enhanced root activity,thereby improving the cold resistances of Aikang 58 and Huaimai 30. The improvement of cold resistance was more significant in Huaimai 30. Correlation analysis revealed that under freezing stress,physiological indices connected closely with each other,the chlorophyll and proline content,SOD activity,and root activity showing significantly positive correlations with anti-coldness in wheat. Compared to control, the spike number, grain number per spike,1 000-grain weight and above-ground biomass of Aikang 58 and Huaimai 30 were enhanced significantly by antifreeze,thus increasing the yield and harvest index of wheat. Correlation analysis showed that under freezing stress,the grain yield was significantly positive related to the spike number and grain number per spike. Therefore, antifreeze application under freezing stress which could enhance the cold resistance and maintain the spike number and grain number per spike of wheat had a great significance in improving the production of wheat.

关 键 词：冻害胁迫 防冻剂 小麦 产量 生理特征 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]