小儿胸闷、气短相关原因分析  

Pathogeny analysis of children with shortness of breath and chest distress

作　　者：吕红娇 张亚丽[1] 王虹[1] 于雪馨[1] 邢艳琳[1] 陈睿[1] 王策[1] 孙乐[1] 李雪梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国医科大学附属盛京医院小儿心脏科,辽宁沈阳110004

出　　处：《东南大学学报（医学版）》2016年第4期518-522,共5页Journal of Southeast University(Medical Science Edition)

基　　金：辽宁省科技厅科学计划项目(2013225089)

摘　　要：目的:通过对胸闷、气短患儿病因的分析,为其临床诊治提供依据。方法:选择2011年1月至2014年12月在我院小儿心脏病房以胸闷、气短为主诉就诊的患儿224例,将其分为感染组和非感染组,进行病因的统计学分析。结果:(1)肺炎支原体感染是儿童时期最常见病原,可以引起瓣膜轻微返流。(2)链球菌感染也可以引起胸闷、气短。(3)感染组过敏原阳性率明显低于非感染组(P<0.05)。(4)33例心电图发现早搏,97例心脏超声有二、三尖瓣微量反流。结论:儿童时期出现胸闷、气短症状常为感染诱发,肺炎支原体最常见,且其对心肌损害比例最高。食物、呼吸过敏原可能是无感染患儿胸闷、气短症状发生的主要诱因。精神心理因素是年长儿出现胸闷、气短因素之一。Objective： To probe the causes of shortness of breath and chest distress in children and provide basis for diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Methods： A total of 224 children with shortness of breath and chest distress treated in our hospital from January 2011 to December 2014 were selected and they were divided into infection group and non- infection group. The results of serum test,pathogenesis,electrocardiogram（ ECG）,echocardiogram and chest CT were analyzed. Results： Mycoplasma pneumonia infection（ MPI） was most commonly found in infection group and might cause light mitral valve regurgitation. Streptococcus infection resulted in chest distress and shortness of breath. Allergen positive rates of air and food were lower（ 98/183） in infection group than those（ 31/41） in non-infection group,showing significant difference（ P〈0. 05）. ECG showed 33 cases with premature beat and echocardiogram showed light mitral/tricuspid valve regurgitation in 96 cases. Conclusion： MPI is the most common infection in infection group and causes high incidence of myocardial damage. We should pay attention to streptococcus infection,which is the one cause of chest distress and shortness of breath in children.Mental factor can also contribute to the occurrence of chest distress and shortness of breath in older children.

关 键 词：胸闷 气短 肺炎支原体 链球菌 心肌损害 

分 类 号：R441[医药卫生—诊断学]