“资本下乡”背景下的乡村治理公共性建构  

An Analysis of Rural Governance in the Context of "Industrial and Commercial Enterprises Investing in Agriculture":The Search for the Public's Interests

作　　者：张良[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学文法学院社会学系 [2]华中农业大学农村社会建设与管理研究中心

出　　处：《中国农村观察》2016年第3期16-26,94,共11页China Rural Survey

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目"城镇化进程中的社会主义新农村文化建设研究"(批准号:13CKS026);华中农业大学新进博士科研启动费项目"城镇化进程中的农村文化建设研究"(编号:2662014BQ075)资助

摘　　要：近年来,在基层政府推动与资本逐利的双重驱动下,工商资本下乡大规模转入农地。通过对基层政府推动"资本下乡"的背后逻辑和"资本下乡"的运作机制进行分析,本文发现,基层政府、工商资本结成"权力—资本"利益共同体,共同应对土地流转中分散孤立的农户;村级组织成为下乡的工商资本管理分散农户的代理人;基层政府联合下乡的工商资本共同获取涉农项目利益和土地增值利润,其自主利益越来越独立于公众利益,"资本下乡"背景下乡村治理缺乏公共性:治理目标在一定程度上违背农民公共利益,治理方式在民主参与方面有待完善,治理资源利用趋向内卷化,治理结果不利于农村发展,这些都导致基层政权的民意基础遭到削弱。为了建构乡村治理公共性,需要从改善基层政府治理机制、完善地方政府治理体制、发展农村社会力量三个方面做出努力。In recent years,abundant industrial and commercial enterprises have started to invest massively in agricultural land use,as a result of local governments' promotion and out of those enterprises' opportunity concern.Under this circumstance,the article analyzes the motivations of local governments' promotion and the practices of investing enterprises.It finds that local governments and investing enterprises have formed a community of interests with their political power and private capital inflows as inputs,respectively.This community of interests helps them deal jointly with unorganized farmers' demands.Moreover,village organizations have become enterprises' agent,facilitating the latter to manage local farmers' interests.Furthermore,local governments and investing enterprises have obtained most benefits from agriculture-related projects and profits from land use.In short,local governments do not represent the public's interests any more,and rural governance in China is losing its publicity.To be specific,the analysis reveals a violation of farmers' rights,weak democratic participation,political involution,and the discrepancy between rural governance objectives and practices.These have resulted in the weakening of public support.To conclude,the article suggests improving grassroots governance and developing the social forces in rural areas in order to construct publicity of rural governance.

关 键 词：“资本下乡” 乡村治理 运作机制 公共性 

分 类 号：F323.9[经济管理—产业经济]