地理因素对俄国历史的影响  

The Geographical Factor's Influence on Russian History

作　　者：Б.Н.米罗诺夫 张广翔[3] 

机构地区：[1]圣彼得堡国立大学历史系 [2]俄罗斯科学院圣彼得堡历史研究所 [3]吉林大学东北亚研究院

出　　处：《史学月刊》2016年第6期61-78,共18页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"1861~1917年俄国等级和阶级结构研究"(11BSS018)

摘　　要：从古至今关于地理因素对国家历史发展和社会政治经济制度影响的争论从未停止,以孟德斯鸠为代表的诸多西方学者都是地理决定论捍卫者,俄国历史学家Л.米洛夫就是其忠实追随者。他认为,俄国恶劣自然条件直接导致俄国农业生产落后、农奴制和村社出现,阻碍私人土地所有制发展,最终造成俄国社会、政治、经济和文化落后的局面。米洛夫的观点具有较大片面性。虽然地理环境对俄国社会经济的影响不容忽视,但并不是决定性因素。在历史发展进程中,具有决定性作用的是地缘政治、文化、社会和经济因素。From the past to the present the debates on the geographical factor＇s influence on national historical development and the social systems of politics and economy never ceased, Montesquieu represented many western scholars who were all the defenders of geographical determinism and Russian historian, Milov was their loyal follower. He thought that Russian severe natural conditions led to the productive backwardness of Russian agriculture, serfdom and the emergence of village commune, prevented the development of private land ownership and resulted in the backwardness of Russian politics, economy, and culture. The writer maintained that the point of view was very one- sided, while the geographical environment which exerted an influence on Russian social economy could not be ignored, it was not decisive factor, in the historical process of development, the factors of geopolitics, culture, society, and economy played the decisive role. To verify that point of view, the writer analyzed the problem on the basis of plenty of historical materials and verification, and then criticized the limitation of geographical determinism.

关 键 词：地理因素 俄国历史 地理决定论 米洛夫 

分 类 号：K512.0[历史地理—历史学]