多花刺槐花粉与柱头形态及授粉亲和性研究  

Morphology and Pollination Compatibility of the Pollen and Stigma in Robinia neo-mexicana var. luxurians

作　　者：姜丽娜[1] 荀守华[2] 张元帅 毛秀红[2] 乔玉玲[2] 董元夫 孙百友 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学林学院,山东泰安271018 [2]山东省林业科学研究院,济南250014 [3]费县国有大青山林场,山东临沂273402

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2016年第5期938-944,共7页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家林业公益性行业专项"刺槐属种质资源收集保存与创新利用研究"(201304116)

摘　　要：运用扫描电子显微镜对多花刺槐不同发育时期的花粉与柱头形态进行观察分析;采用人工控制授粉方法,将多花刺槐花粉分别与异株多花刺槐和刺槐优良无性系(‘鲁刺152’)授粉,并用苯胺蓝试剂染色法观察多花刺槐花粉管的萌发过程,分析其授粉亲和性,以探究多花刺槐自然结实率低的原因,为多花刺槐杂交育种提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)多花刺槐花粉粒大小平均为32.08μm×19.55μm(极轴长×赤道轴长),形状为长椭球形、略方,具3个萌发沟,花粉粒大小在开花当时(花朵旗瓣微微张开,花药开始散粉)达到最大(33.71μm×20.11μm),且形状饱满,此时为采粉的最佳时间。(2)柱头表面具粘液和凸起,开花前12h可授性最好,开花后48h柱头开始分解,可授性已很差;柱头的可授期从开花前24h至开花后24h,约为3d。(3)多花刺槐花粉在异株多花刺槐和‘鲁刺152’为母本的植株上均可萌发,并伸长至子房,但在前者的柱头上萌发较晚,伸长速度较慢,说明它们之间均具有亲和性,但与异株多花刺槐的亲和性较差。We used scanning electron microscopy（SEM）in this experiment to observe the pollen and stigma morphology of Robinia neo-mexicana var.luxurians in different periods of development,and had taken photos for analysis.Besides,we pollinated the pollens of R.neo-mexicana var.luxurianto the stigmas of another R.neo-mexicana var.luxurianand high-quality clone of R.pseudoacacia（R.pseudoacacia ‘Luci152＇）,and we used aniline blue stain to observe the germination process of pollen tubes in vivo.And then,we analyzed the pollination compatibility of this species.The results show that：（1）The average size of the pollen is 32.08μm×19.55μm（poleaxis length × equatorial axes length）.The shape of the pollen is long spheroidicity with three germinal furrow,a little square.At the flowering moment,the pollen grows to the maximum,its microscopy becomes full.This is the best time to collect the pollen of R.neo-mexicana var.luxurians.（2）The surface of the stigma has mucilage and bulges.It has much mucilage at 12 hbefore flowering and the receptivity is the best.At 48 hafter flowering,the stigma begins tobreak,the receptivity is already very bad,and the whole receptive period of the stigma is about three days from 24 hbefore flowering to 24 hafter flowering.（3）The pollen of R.neo-mexicana var.luxuriancould germinate in both R.neo-mexicana var.luxurian and R.pseudoacacia ‘Luci 152＇treated as the female parent,but the former germinates later and elongates slower,which illustrates that the pollen of R.neomexicana var.luxurian has affinity with both the stigmas of R.neo-mexicana var.luxurian and R.pseudoacacia ‘Luci 152＇,but the affinity with the former is worse.

关 键 词：多花刺槐 花粉 柱头 电镜观察 授粉亲和性 

分 类 号：Q321[生物学—遗传学] Q944.58