有机肥替代部分化肥对稻麦轮作系统产量及土壤微生物区系的影响  

Effects of organic manure partial substitution for chemical fertilizer on crop yield and soil microbiome in a rice-wheat cropping system

作　　者：赵军[1] 李勇 冉炜[1] 张瑞福[1] 沈标[1] 沈其荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院/国家有机类肥料工程技术研究中心/江苏省固体有机废弃物资源化高技术研究重点实验室/江苏省有机固体废弃物资源化协同创新中心,江苏南京210095 [2]江苏省金坛市土肥站,江苏金坛213200

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2016年第4期594-602,共9页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点基础研究规划项目(2015CB150502);江苏省研究生科研创新计划项目(CXZZ13_0301)

摘　　要：[目的]本文旨在研究不同有机肥替代部分化肥对稻麦轮作系统产量及其构成因素、土壤微生物区系的影响,为找到合适的施肥措施来提高作物产量,培育高产土壤微生物区系提供理论依据。[方法]以江苏省金坛市的长期肥料试验点为研究对象,设置6个施肥处理:不施肥(CK),常规氮、磷、钾化肥(NPK),3 000 kg·hm^(-2)猪粪有机肥替代30%常规化肥施用量(NPKM1),6 000 kg·hm^(-2)猪粪有机肥替代50%常规化肥施用量(NPKM2),1 800 kg·hm^(-2)猪粪有机无机复合肥替代50%常规化肥施用量(NPKMOI1),3 600 kg·hm^(-2)猪粪有机无机复合肥替代70%常规化肥施用量(NPKMOI2)。测定水稻、小麦的有效穗数、每穗粒数、千粒质量、理论产量和实际产量;并利用氯仿熏蒸-硫酸钾浸提法和高通量测序测定土壤微生物生物量及微生物群落结构。[结果]与NPK处理相比,猪粪有机肥(NPKM1、NPKM2)和猪粪有机无机复合肥(NPKMOI1、NPKMOI2)替代部分化肥对水稻和小麦的产量构成因素、理论产量和实际产量无显著降低,且均能提高土壤微生物生物量碳、氮。NPKMOI1和NPKMOI2处理能够增加土壤细菌丰富度、多样性和均匀度指数,显著改变土壤细菌区系,且这种改变随着化肥替代量的增加而变大。[结论]3 600 kg·hm^(-2)猪粪有机无机复合肥替代70%常规化肥施用量处理能够提高作物产量,是一种具有培育高产土壤微生物区系潜力的施肥措施。[ Objectives ] The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different organic fertilizers partial substitution for chemical fertilizer on crop yield and its components, and soil microbiome in a rice-wheat cropping system, and find out the suitable fertilizer regime to increase crop yield and provide the theoretical basis for establishing high-productivity associated soil microbiome. [ Methods] With the long-term fertilizer experimental site located in Jintan, Jiangsu as the research site, six fertilizer regimes were included in this study, no fertilizer （ CK）, conventional dosage of chemical fertilizer （ NPK）, 3 000 kg·hm^-2 pig manure organic fertilizer substituted 30% of chemical fertilizer（NPKMl） ,6 000 kg·hm^-2 pig manure organic fertilizer substituted 50% of chemical fertilizer（NPKM2） , ! 800 kg·hm^-2 pig manure organic-inorganic compound fertihzer substituted 50% of chemical fertilizer （NPKMOI1）, and 3 600 kg·hm^-2 pig manure organic-inorganic compound fertilizer substituted 70% of chemical fertilizer （NPKMOI2）. The number of productive spikes, number of grains per spike, thousand grains weight, theoretical yield, and actual yield of rice and wheat were measured, respectively. Soil microbial biomass and soil microbiome were determined by chloroform fumigation-K2SO4 extraction method and high-throughput sequencing. [ Results ] Compared to the NPK treatment, pig manure organic fertilizer（ NPKM1, NPKM2）and pig manure organic-inorganic compound fertilizer （NPKMOI1, NPKMOI2）substituted partial chemical fertilizer had no significant decline in rice and wheat yield and their components, and enhanced soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen. NPKMOI1 and NPKMOI2 treatments increased soil bacterial richness, diversity and evenness, and markedly shaped the soil bacterial community, and such shifts were increased with the increase of substitution amount of chemical fertilizer. [ Conclusions] The treatment that 3 600 kg·hm^-2 pig manure organic-inorganic compound f

关 键 词：稻麦轮作 猪粪有机肥 猪粪有机无机复合肥 微生物量 土壤微生物区系 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]