家蚕着色模式相关的分子遗传学研究  

Progress of Molecular Genetic Studies on Pigmentation Pattern in Silkworm,Bombyx mori

作　　者：彭晨星[1] 吴松原 代方银[1] 

机构地区：[1]家蚕基因组生物学国家重点实验室,农业部蚕桑功能基因组与生物技术重点实验室,西南大学生物技术学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《蚕业科学》2016年第3期373-385,共13页ACTA SERICOLOGICA SINICA

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.31372379);国家高技术研究发展计划“863”项目(No.2013AA102507);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(No.CARS-22)

摘　　要：体色与斑纹是昆虫重要的形态特征,对于昆虫捕食、避敌、寻偶、免疫和调节体温等具有重要的意义,其丰富着色模式形成的分子机制一直是昆虫学研究的热点。家蚕作为中国重要的农业经济昆虫,具有5 000多年的驯养历史,不仅成就了灿烂的丝绸文化,而且带来了巨大的经济效益。家蚕亦是鳞翅目的模式昆虫,拥有的超过200余个与着色相关的突变体是昆虫着色研究的重要实验材料。近年来,结合家蚕的经典遗传连锁图谱、家蚕基因组数据,运用高通量测序手段、定位克隆策略等分离鉴定家蚕着色相关突变体的关键基因,是探索着色模式形成的分子基础的主体。目前已在分子水平解析了家蚕30余种着色相关突变的产生机制,显著推动了家蚕着色机制的研究,对于丰富昆虫着色相关理论和基础知识具有重要贡献。本文总结了家蚕着色模式研究的最新成果,并结合其它昆虫着色相关研究的成果进行分析比较,这对于今后系统开展昆虫着色机制及其演化的研究,以及对着色相关基因的利用,均具有重要参考价值。Body color and marking are critical morphological characteristics of insects,and it is of great significance for insect predation,avoiding predation,mate choice,immune and thermoregulation,etc. The molecular mechanism of diverse pigmentation patterns has always been the focus in entomology research. The silkworm（ Bombyx mori） is an important economical insect which has a history of domestication for more than 5 000 years in China, not just having made brilliant Chinese silk culture but also brought remarkable economical profit. The silkworm is also a typical representative of lepidoptera insect,there are more than 200 mutants associated with color which provides important experiment material resources for studies on pigmentation and marking pattern of insects. In the past few years,identification of the key genes related to pigmentation mutants is the main points to explore the molecular mechanism of pigmentation pattern of silkworm by using positional cloning strategy combined with the classical linkage map,whole genome sequencing,high-throughput sequencing of silkworm,and so on. At present,the occurrence mechanisms of more than 30 coloring-related mutants have been identified at the molecular level which promotes the study of pigmentation patterns greatly,and contributes to enrichment of theories and basic knowledge related to insect pigmentation significantly. This review summarizes the latest achievement in the pigmentation pattern of silkworm,compares and analyzes the differences of pigmentation associated genes in other insects based on the previous reports. It provides important information for systematic studies on insect pigmentation and evolution,and new insights for further utilization of key genes related to pigmentation.

关 键 词：家蚕 着色模式 突变机制 基因调控 代谢通路 

分 类 号：S881.26[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]