兰州铁路局机车乘务员视力和听力健康状况调查  

Investigation on vision and audition of locomotive drivers in Lanzhou railway administration

作　　者：郭强[1] 林静利 徐鹏[1] 汪燕妮[2] 薛颖[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州铁路局疾病预防控制所,甘肃兰州730030 [2]兰州大学公共卫生学院,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》2016年第4期256-259,共4页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：兰州铁路局立项课题<高海拔地区机车乘务员职业安全健康研究>(201313-2)

摘　　要：目的了解兰州铁路局机车乘务员视力和听力功能状况,分析不同特征的机车乘务员各项视力和听力指标的水平,探讨影响机车乘务员视力和听力的可能影响因素。方法采用整群抽样的方法选取兰州铁路局某机务段机车乘务员953人(均为男性)作为调查对象;通过职业健康检查获得机车乘务员视力和听力功能状况;用Excel、SPSS 13.0软件对数据进行整理及统计分析。结果乘务员裸眼视力异常率较高(左、右裸眼视力分别为7.7%、6.8%)。随着年龄的增长,乘务员的裸眼视力、立体视力、听力等方面的能力在降低;本职工龄的增加,立体视力和听力的分辨能力有所下降;文化程度越高,乘务员的立体视力和听力方面的职业能力越好;电力车乘务员立体视力和听力指标优于内燃车乘务员;无饮酒史者的立体视力、听力的职业能力相对较好。不同年龄、文化程度、工龄、工种、饮酒史的机车乘务员视力和听力功能水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论兰州铁路局机车乘务员的视力和听力指标整体状况较好;但裸眼视力异常率值得关注。Objective To investigate the health status of vision and audition of locomotive drivers,analyze the difference of that among the trainmen with different characteristic,and detect the possible reason that effect the trainmans vision and audition health.Methods 953 trainmen were selected in Lanzhou railway administration using cluster sampling.The vision examination and hearing tests were taken through the occupational physical examination;The data was analyzed by EXCEL、SPSS.Results The prevalence of low uncorrected visual acuity（UCVA）of trainman was higher（UCVA was 7.67% for left eye,and 6.77% for right eye）.The other indexes of vision and audition were different from the trainman with different age groups,educational levels, working age,type of work and alcohol drinking history（P〈 0.05）.Conclusions The health status of vision and audition of locomotive drivers in Lanzhou railway administration is in a good condition.But the prevalence of low uncorrected visual acuity of trainman is higher.

关 键 词：机车乘务员 视力和听力 

分 类 号：R131[医药卫生—劳动卫生]