某汽车厂工人膝痛患病率及其影响因素  

The Prevalence of knee pain and its influence factors among workers in an automobile industry corporation

作　　者：彭邦来 吴家兵 祁成 凌瑞杰[2] 赵长华[3] 孙敬智[2] 杨磊[4] 

机构地区：[1]十堰市职业病防治院,湖北十堰442000 [2]湖北省新华医院,湖北武汉430015 [3]郧县疾病预防控制中心,湖北郧县442500 [4]华中科技大学公共卫生学院,湖北武汉430030

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》2016年第4期281-284,共4页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

摘　　要：目的研究汽车生产工人膝痛的患病情况及其影响因素。方法以整群随机抽样选定某汽车公司工人3 800人进行问卷调查。率的比较用卡方检验;OR值的计算采用单因素logistic回归分析;将卡方检验中P〈0.10的变量作为候选变量纳入多因素logistic回归分析,建立多因素logistic回归模型。结果该公司工人膝痛年患病率为25.6%。对膝痛发生具有促进作用的因素有年龄、工龄、工作环境寒冷或温度变化、长时间（指持续时间超过1h）站立、长时间蹲/跪、长时间走动工作。其中,长时间蹲/跪影响最大,＂几乎一直蹲/跪作业＂OR值达2.34（1.74~3.13）;其次为搬运重物,＂几乎一直搬运重物＂OR值为1.85（1.51~2.26）。进入多因素logistic回归模型的变量有年龄、工龄、工作环境寒冷或温度变化、长时间蹲或跪姿工作、长时间走动工作、搬运重物。结论在汽车制造业工人中,膝痛具有较高的患病率,需要采取改善作业环境、减轻体力负荷等方式进行积极的干预。Objective To investigate the prevalence of knee pain and its influence factors among automobile industry workers.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 3800 workers in an automobile industry corporation recruited using cluster random sampling.Chi-square tests were utilized to compare the differences of prevalence among different population groups.Odds Ratios（ORs）were calculated by logistic regression analyses.Variables,which had been significant on P〈0.1level in chi-square tests,were included in a multivariate logistic regression analysis to establish a final model.Results The prevalence of knee pain among workers was 25.6%.Factors positively related to knee pain were age,seniority,coldness or changes in temperature,prolonged standing（〉1hr）,prolonged squatting or kneeling,prolonged walking.Among which,prolonged squatting or kneeling had the highest ORs,followed by carrying heavy loads.Workers almost always squatting or kneeling had 2.34（95%CI：1.74-3.13）times more risk of knee pain compared with others.Factors that were included in the final logistic regression model were age,seniority,coldness or changes in temperature,prolonged squatting or kneeling,prolonged walking,carrying heavy loads.Conclusions There is a considerably high prevalence of knee pain among automobile industry workers.Intervention measures,including improving workplace ergonomic environment,reducing physical loads,should be put into effect.

关 键 词：汽车制造业 肌肉骨骼疾患 膝痛 危险因素 

分 类 号：R135.99[医药卫生—劳动卫生]