历史书面文献音系“存雅求正”的性质与汉语语音史研究  

The Relationship between Cun Ya Qiu Zheng(存雅求正) Attribute of Documentary and Chinese Historical Phonetic Study

作　　者：张玉来[1] 高龙奎[2] 耿军[3] 孙志波[4] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学文学院,南京210023 [2]济南大学文学院,济南250022 [3]西南大学国际学院,重庆400715 [4]河南师范大学文学院,河南开封453007

出　　处：《语言研究》2016年第3期35-44,共10页Studies in Language and Linguistics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"汉语音韵学百年学术源流"(11BYY056)

摘　　要：观察反映汉语语音的历史书面文献音系的结构,我们就会发现,同一时代几乎找不到两个音系结构完全一致的文献,总是呈现出复杂多样的面貌。产生这种复杂情况的原因是多方面的,主要是因为历代汉语共同语有基础方言,但并没有明确的标准音(具体方言点)。也就是说,历史上,汉民族共同语并没有形成内部一致、具有高度规范的音系系统。因此,许多记录同一时代共同语音系的书面文献之间,就常常出现难以兼容的语音现象。也由于这个原因,历代编制共同语书面音系文献的学者,往往秉持"存雅求正"的审音理念来审定音系、安排字音。他们既以实际语音为立足点,又有意区别某些历史的或方言的音类。如此一来,许多书面文献音系就表现出了"存雅求正"的基本特征。这些特征可以用"历时持续性"、"共时参差性"和"跨时共现性"来概括。由于"存雅求正"是许多书面文献音系的特点,因此,我们在利用书面文献音系来构建汉语语音史时,对其"存雅求正"的性质应予特别重视,注意从"存雅求正"的视角审视文献音系的性质。By observing the phonological structure reflected in historical written literature, it＇s hard for us to find out the literature with identical phonological structure in the same age. The reasons for this complicated situation are various, but the main one should be that the Chinese common language for generations has basic dialect, but no explicit standard pronunciation （the specific dialect spot）. It means, Chinese common language hasn＇t formed a normalized phonological structure with internal consistency. Hence lots of written literature, though recorded the phonology of common language in the same age, always has some incompatible phonetic phenomena. For the same reason, the scholars in history who compiled written literature on phonology of common language, always adhere to the principle of Cun Ya Qiu Zheng （存雅求正） to judge the phonology and to settle the pronunciation. They start from the real pronunciation, as well as intentionally distinguish some historical or dialect sound class. Consequently, the phonology in lots of written literature has the essential characteristic of Cun Ya Qiu Zheng（存雅求正）, which can be generalized by ＂Diachronic Continuity＂, Synchronic Diversity＂ and ＂Intertemporal Co-occurrence＂. Since Cun Ya Qiu Zheng 存雅求正） is the phonologic feature of many written literature, we should pay full attention to its nature when using such materials to construct Chinese phonological history.

关 键 词：文献 共同语 音系 “存雅求正” 

分 类 号：H11[语言文字—汉语]