从“朽”的声母类型看粤语晓母字的历史层次  

On the Initial Historical Strata of Xiao(晓) in Cantonese: Initial Types of the Word Xiu(朽) as a Case

作　　者：黄玉雄[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学语言研究所,上海200234 [2]华东师范大学中文系,上海200241

出　　处：《语言研究》2016年第3期55-62,共8页Studies in Language and Linguistics

摘　　要：粤语"朽"字的声母有擦音h-、s-,近音及零声母j-、?-,鼻音及边音?-、-、n-、m-、l-,塞音k'-、k-、?d-等4种语音表现,涉及粤语晓母开口字所有音读类型。这些声母包含异源成分,不都是同一个古声类分化演变的结果。样本统计结果显示,在粤语晓母字中,h-类声母占55.9%,属于主体层次;j-或者零声母占5.23%,由h类声母变异而成,是受控音变的产物;软腭塞音k-、k'-占7.89%,是上古汉语的孑遗。在异源层次中,鼻音中的?-、-、n-属于侗台语底层,s-、?-,l-为官话影响而产生的晚近层次,l-、?d-由鼻音底层进一步衍生而来,是粤语与周边方言接触而形成的区域性变异形式。Four sorts of initial representation are found in the word Xiu（朽）＇s pronunciations of Cantonese, which are fricatives [hi [s] [∫], nasals and laterals [η] [η] [n] [l] [t], approximant [j] and zero initial, plosives [k] [k＇] [nd]. This series of initial consonant would completely contain all the initial types of Xiao（晓） in Cantonese, which might include heterologous ingredient, and not all of them evolved from one single original category. According to our sample statistics, 55.9% words in the initial group Xiao（晓） are realized as [h] in Cantonese, which may be regarded as principal part of this initial description, while [j] only takes 5.23 % words in the same initial group. The latter might be derived from [h] by the way of controlled sound variation .The [k＇] [k]part in Xiao（晓） initial words takes around 7.89%, must be the remains of Old Chinese. The allogenetic nasal type ,which include [η] [η] [n], might belong to a substratum from Kam-Tai（侗台） Group. An fricative new hierarchy containing [s] [∫] [t] formed under the influence of Mandarin, and the [l] [nd] are two latter regional variations, getting their forms from the peripheral Chinese dialects that geographically mixed distribute with Cantonese.

关 键 词：朽 晓母 粤语 声母类型 历史层次 

分 类 号：H178[语言文字—汉语]