城市公交票价调节机制设计研究  

Fare Adjustment Mechanism Design of Chinese Urban Public Transport

作　　者：许飒[1] 张玉清 杜云柯 

机构地区：[1]交通运输部科学研究院,北京100029 [2]深圳中法会计师事务所,广东深圳518000

出　　处：《交通运输研究》2016年第3期23-29,35,共8页Transport Research

基　　金：瑞典沃尔沃研究与教育基金会(VREF)资助项目(Co E-2005-3)

摘　　要：为优化我国目前较为僵化的城市公交票价体系,构建科学合理的票价调节机制,充分发挥价格杠杆对城市公交资源配置的导向作用,首先总结出我国城市公交票价体系存在票价水平与定价成本背离、票价水平长期不变及缺乏科学系统的票价调节机制3个主要问题。然后,深入研究了新加坡和香港城市公共交通票价调节机制,并分析了其票价调整公式;在借鉴国际、国内相关经验的基础上,通过总结我国城市公交运营成本中主要单项成本及各单项成本对总成本的影响规律,将人员工资、燃料消耗费、轮胎消耗费、运营车辆修理费、其他直接运营费、财务费用等作为影响城市公交票价的主要成本因素,并确定了各因素的权重系数。在以上研究基础上,设计了能够合理反映城市公交票价定价成本的城市公共交通票价调节模型以及能够综合考虑企业运营成本、社会经济发展水平、居民承受能力等因素的动态城市公交票价调节机制和配套措施,包括启动票价调节的前提条件、调价流程设计等。For optimizing relatively rigid fare system of urban public transport nowadays in China,building scientific and reasonable fare adjustment mechanism, making the price leverage play a guidingrole in resource allocation of urban public transport, the three problems of Chinese urban public trans-port fare system were summarized firstly, which were that fare level could not reflect bus operating costreasonably, fare level was unchanged for years and fare adjustment mechanism was absent in Chinese cit-ies. Then urban public transport fare adjustment mechanism of Singapore and Hongkong were studiedin-depth, and the fare adjustment formula was analyzed. On the basis of drawing lessons from the inter-national and domestic relevant experience, the influence law of the main individual costs and each indi-vidual cost on the total cost of urban public transport operating costs in China were summarized. Thestaff wages, fuel consumption, tyre consumption, maintenance fee of operation vehicle, other direct oper-ating costs and financial expenses were taken as the main cost factors affecting the urban public transport fare, the corresponding weight coefficient of various factors were determined. Based on the above re-search, the urban pubic transport fare adjustment model, that could reasonably reflect operating cost ofurban pubic transport, was designed. And considering the factors in aspect of enterprise operating costs,social and economic development level, residents′ consumption capacity, the urban pubic transport fareadjustment mechanism and supporting measures, including fare adjustment precondition, adjustmentprocess design, etc. were put forward accordingly.

关 键 词：城市公交 运营成本因素 权重系数 票价调节模型 调价机制 

分 类 号：U491[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]