从罗曼语和斯拉夫语看“给”的句法功能  

The Syntactic Function of Gei from the Perspective of Romance and Slavic Languages

作　　者：叶狂[1] 潘海华[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]宁波工程学院外国语学院,315100 [2]香港中文大学语言学及现代语言系，中国香港 [3]北京语言大学语言科学院,100083

出　　处：《当代语言学》2016年第3期354-367,共14页Contemporary Linguistics

基　　金：香港政府UGC资助的GRF项目(CU11601315,CU11407214)的研究成果之一

摘　　要：罗曼语族和斯拉夫语族的SE一词是一个功能兼容附缀,可以标记多种句式,如逆动句、反致使句、非人称句以及中动句,这些句式的直接宾语都以非宾格形式出现。在此视角下,本文认为现代汉语动词前的"给"类似于SE,是一个典范附缀,可以标记逆动、被动和两种中动句式,还可以出现在"被、把"共现句、动词拷贝句、焦点句以及"V得"句。这八类句式都涉及动词直接(底层)宾语的离位和前置,"给"因此可以统一为谓语动词所带的宾语离位前置标记,离位类似于失去宾格宾语,但前置是汉语的独特之处。文章还认为,宾语前置只是允准"给"出现的必要条件,而非充分条件,因为动词语义也会影响"给"的出现与否。The preverbal gei （给） ＇ give＇ has long been noticed but a consensus has never been reached on how to define or characterize its syntactic function. It was suggested that gei has one of the following syntactic functions in the literature： anti-passive marker, and a marker of middle or passive constructions. Given the heterogeneity of the constructions in which gei can occur and from a cross-linguistic perspective, this paper claims that gei behaves similarly to the word SE in Romance and Slavic languages, as they share the following four syntactic properties： （i） being syncretic; （ii） obligatory in the relevant constructions; （iii） functioning as head marking, or in generative grammar, a functional head; and （iv） all these constructions are deprived of an accusative object.

关 键 词：附缀 直接宾语离位 逆动 被动 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]