不同密度单粒精播对花生养分吸收及分配的影响  

Effects of single-seed sowing at different densities on nutrient uptake and distribution in peanut

作　　者：梁晓艳[1,2,3] 郭峰[2,3] 张佳蕾[2,3] 李林[1] 孟静静[2,3] 李新国[2,3] 万书波[3,4] 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,长沙410128 [2]山东省农业科学院生物技术研究中心,济南250100 [3]山东省作物遗传改良与生态生理重点实验室,济南250100 [4]山东省农业科学院,济南250100

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2016年第7期893-901,共9页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31571605;31571581);国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD11B04);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-14);山东省农业科学院青年科研基金项目(2014QNM38;2015YQN02;2015YQN12);山东省农业重大应用技术创新课题资助~~

摘　　要：在大田条件下,以花生大粒品种‘花育22’为试验材料,研究高(S1:27万穴·hm^(-2))、中(S2:22.5万穴·hm^(-2))低(S3:18万穴·hm^(-2))3种密度单粒精播与传统双粒穴播(CK:13.5万穴·hm^(-2))之间花生氮、磷、钾的累积吸收、分配特性及产量的差异,探讨适宜的单粒精播密度及其高产的养分生理基础。结果表明,与CK相比,S1和S2均不同程度提高花生单株及群体氮、磷、钾的累积吸收量;但S1的单株提高幅度小于S2,且在饱果期单株吸收能力迅速下降,群体养分累积吸收量与CK相比无显著变化;S2在整个生育期内都具有较高的单株及群体养分累积吸收量,生育后期效果尤为显著;S3虽然具有较高的单株氮、磷、钾累积吸收量,但群体累积吸收量较低。从养分分配特性看,S2和S3的荚果氮、磷、钾分配系数均显著高于CK,S1与CK之间差异不显著。从荚果产量看,S2产量最高,增产8.1%,其次为S1,增产2.5%,S3产量略有降低。从产量构成因素分析,S2产量显著提高的原因是合理的种植方式及密度改善了花生农艺性状,提高了单株生产力及经济系数。S1由于群体密度较大,单株生产力提高不明显,经济系数较低,所以产量无显著提高。S3虽然单株生产力较高,但群体数量不足,没有达到增产效果。高产田条件下,大粒花生单粒精播密度为22.5万穴·hm^(-2)较为适宜,有利于协调个体与群体的关系,提高花生养分吸收及营养物质向荚果的分配转移,增加产量。Peanut is an important economic oil crop in China.Traditional double-seed sowing pattern has been the main sowing mode in China because double-seed sowing can avoid low germination rate due to poor quality of peanut seed.However,this sowing mode results in competition between plants in the same hole which intensifies with time and eventually limits plant development.On the other hand,single-seed sowing is a seed-saving and high-yield cultivation pattern,which adjusts population structure and improve single plant productivity by altering sowing pattern and density,can produce high yield.In order to study the process of high yield in single-seed sowing,‘Huayu 22＇ large-seed cultivar of peanut was used to study the difference in absorption regularity and distribution characteristics of N,P2O5 and K2 O under high（S1：270 000 holes·hm（-2））,medium（S2：225 000 holes·hm（-2）） and low（S3：180 000 holes·hm（-2）） density conditions,respectively with single-seed sowing and traditional double-seed sowing（CK：135 000 holes·hm（-2）） of groundnut in a field experiment.The results showed that both S1 and S2 increased N,P2O5 and K2 O accumulation in both individual plant and population,but the increase in single plant of S1 was smaller than that of S2 treatment.Compared with control at pod-filling stage,the nutrients absorption rate in individual plant（S1） decreased remarkably,and no significant difference in population accumulation was observed in S1.However,nutrient accumulation in both individual plant and population of S2 remained higher level throughout the growing period compared with control,especially,at later growth stage.As for S3,the N,P2O5 and K2 O accumulation in individual plant were higher,while they were lower in population than those of the corresponding control.From the perspective of nutrient distribution characteristics,there was similar nutrient absorption trend in different treatments.N,P2O5 and K2 O distribution coefficients in pod of both S2 and S3 were significa

关 键 词：花生 单粒精播 养分吸收与分配 产量 农艺性状 

分 类 号：S314[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S565.2[农业科学—农艺学]