论英国圈地运动与土地利用  

Study on the relationship between the Britain enclosure movement and the land use

作　　者：石强[1] 

机构地区：[1]陇东学院历史与地理学院,甘肃庆阳745000

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2016年第9期665-670,共6页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社科基金项目(12XSS002)

摘　　要：持续几个世纪的英国圈地运动逐步瓦解了中世纪以来的敞田制,改变了封建土地所有制及分配体制,确立起了近代资本主义大土地所有及占有体制。圈地运动以和缓渐进的方式对农业生产关系、农业经营体制、农业生产规模都产生了广泛而深远的影响,更为重要的是改变了土地利用方式,主要表现为根据自然条件因地制宜合理利用土地,根据生产需要利用各种办法改良土地,通过科学规划充分利用土地,从而达到了地尽其利的效果,使英国的农业生产不仅满足了国内日益增长的粮食需求,也适应了以工业化、市场化、城市化为主要特征的近代化进程的要求,从而为英国在近代世界的率先发展奠定了基础。The British enclosure movement which lasted several centuries collapsed the feudalism open-field system prevailing from the middle age,changed the feudal land ownership as well as the distribution system,and established the modern land ownership and the land ownership system.The enclosure movement had the great impact not only on the agriculture productive relationship,but also on the agriculture management system and the size of the farm.More importantly,it changed the land use patterns,such as the reasonable use of land according to natural conditions and scientific planning,the improvement of land according to the need of production.The enclosure movement made the British agricultural production satisfy the increasing needs of grain and the demands of modern period whose feature is marketization,industrialization and urbanization,and laid the foundation for the Britain rapid development in the modern world history.

关 键 词：英国 圈地运动 土地利用 农业革命 

分 类 号：K504[历史地理—历史学]