三门峡虢季墓遗址盐害分析与调查  

Investigation and Analysis of Disastrous Soluble Salts in Sanmenxia Guo Ji Tomb Sites

作　　者：钱玲[1] 夏寅[3] 胡红岩[1] 张尚兴 李振[1] 吕功煊[1] 陈港泉[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院,兰州化学物理研究所,羰基合成与选择氧化国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [2]敦煌研究院,保护研究所,国家古代壁画保护工程技术研究中心,甘肃敦煌736200 [3]秦始皇帝陵博物院陶质彩绘文物保护国家文物局重点科研基地,陕西临潼710600

出　　处：《分析测试技术与仪器》2016年第2期80-89,共10页Analysis and Testing Technology and Instruments

基　　金：科技部支撑计划课题“干旱环境下古代壁画保护成套技术集成与应用示范”(2014BAK16B01);科技部973课题“保护材料与工艺的系统评价方法及其应用示范”(2012CB720905);国家自然科学基金面上项目“莫高窟壁画地仗层盐的迁徙及壁画盐害损坏机制研究”(21177021);国家文物局课题“莫高窟壁画疱疹病害分布规律及其机理研究”(20110207)资助

摘　　要：针对三门峡虢季墓遗址部分区域存在起甲、泛白、疱疹等由可溶盐引起的病害,在其遗址不同部位取样进行土遗址本体含盐分析.取样区域包括虢季墓、梁姬墓和近代墓遗址.采用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)和离子色谱(IC)分析所取样品的可溶盐成分、含量及可溶盐成盐元素在土遗址中的成盐规律.采用电子能谱(XPS)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析样品的物相组成及盐分状态,扫描电子显微镜/能谱(SEM/EDS)进一步考察含盐土质的颗粒组成、微观形貌等.结果表明:虢季墓取样区域所含盐分主要为Na_2SO_4、CaCO_3和少量的其他盐分如CaCl_2、KNO_3和NaCl等.靠近地面部位所取样品盐分含量高于其他部位,盐害表现更为明显.梁姬墓取样区域总盐分含量略高于虢季墓与近代墓,硝酸盐含量较高.而近代墓遗址可溶盐盐分含量略低,盐害不明显.在不同取样点可溶盐含量有所差异,但在邻近区域,其成盐具有一定规律性,这一点对于遗址基体中盐害的深入研究与防治具有重要意义.The characteristics of the main disastrous soluble salts and their contents in the site of Guo Ji Tomb of Sanmenxia had been analyzed by taking samples from Guo Ji Tomb,Liang Ji Tomb and Jin Dai Tomb where salt damages as salt efflorescence,flaking and piece falling existed. The regular patterns of salt formation were discussed using the testingmethods of X-ray fluorescence（ XRF） and ion chromatograph（ IC）. The species,existing types and concentrations of salts in the GUO Ji Tomb and other locations were investigated by X- ray diffraction（ XRD）,X- ray photoelectron spectroscopy（ XPS） and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectrometry（ SEM/EDS） techniques. The results indicated that Na2SO4 and CaCO3 are the main salts and small amounts of CaCl2、KNO3 and NaCl were also found. The concentrations of salts in the soil near the ground were higher than those of other locations and these salts caused heavy salt damages. The concentrations of salts in Liang Ji Tomb were higher than those of Guo Ji Tomb and Jin Dai Tomb with higher content of nitrates. It was found that contents of soluble salts were different at different locations,but in the neighboring region there existed certain regularity,which provides some useful information for the research and control of salt damages.

关 键 词：土遗址 盐害 虢季墓 X射线荧光光谱 离子色谱 电子能谱 X射线衍射 扫描电子显微镜 

分 类 号：O657.3[理学—分析化学]