2004—2014年突发中毒事件毒物谱分析  

Analysis on poison-spectrum of emergent poisoning incidences during 2004—2014

作　　者：袁媛[1] 周静[1] 郎楠[1] 蒋绍锋[1] 李海蛟[1] 孙承业[1] 尹萸[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所中毒控制与应急处理办公室,北京100050

出　　处：《中国工业医学杂志》2016年第3期182-186,共5页Chinese Journal of Industrial Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(编号:31501814)

摘　　要：目的分析我国突发中毒事件的毒物种类及危害,为预防和应对突发中毒事件的发生、相关政策制定及技术方法研究等提供依据。方法收集整理中国疾病预防控制中心"突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统"2004年1月1日至2014年12月31日期间报告的突发中毒事件信息并进行统计分析。结果 2004—2014年共报告突发中毒事件49 939起,致208 672人中毒,病死率为2.39%。经口中毒事件4 614起,中毒134 221人,病死率为1.58%,居前5位的毒物类型为细菌(52.33%)、植物(12.27%)、化学品(4.53%)、农药(3.55%)和真菌(2.95%),毒蘑菇中毒病死率最高(19.78%)。经呼吸道或/和皮中毒事件45 325起,74 451人中毒,病死率为3.86%,居前5位的毒物类型为窒息性气体、刺激性气体、有机溶剂、农药和混合气体;真菌、植物、农药、窒息性气体、有机溶剂、刺激性气体中毒事件有季节性。结论我国突发中毒事件发生频繁,危害严重。各地应根据不同类别毒物特征开展相关预防控制措施,提高有毒生物检测鉴定能力,加强科普宣传,预防突发中毒事件发生并降低毒物危害。Objective To analyze the type and hazard of poisoning incidences in China in order to provide the evidences for poisoning incidences prevention and control, policy making and related techniques research. Methods All poisoning incidences occurred during January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2014 from National Management Information System of Public Health Emergencies were collected and statistically analyzed. Results The total number of poisoning incidences reported in China from 2004 to 2014 was 49 939, causing 208 672 people poisoned, and the fatality rate was 2. 39%. Among these incidents, oral poisoning incidences accounted for 134 221 people poisoning with the fatality rate of 1.58%. The 5 leading poison categories under oral poisoning were bacteria （ 52. 33%） , plants （ 12. 27%） , chemicals （ 4. 53%） , pesticides （3.55%） and mushrooms （2.95%）. The poison with the highest fatality rate （19.78%） was from poisonous mushrooms. 45 325 poisoning incidents caused by respiratory inhalation or/and skin contact, causing 74 451 people poisoned with 2 874 deaths （fatality rate of 3.86% ）. The top 5 poison categories under respiratory poisoning were asphyxiating gases, irritant gases, organic solvent, pesticides and mixture gases. Fungi, plants, pesticides, asphyxiating gases, organic solvents and irritant gases poisoning incidences are seasonal. Conclusion Poisoning incidences occured frequently in China with serious damage. Relevant prevention and control measures under different categories of poison characteristics should be rolled out to all provinces. By continuous intensifying popularization, improving the capability of detecting and identifying poisoning organism, the impact from emergent poisoning incidences will be effectively prevented and reduced.

关 键 词：突发中毒事件 经口中毒 经呼吸道或/和皮中毒 毒物谱 

分 类 号：R595[医药卫生—内科学]