模拟生态种植槽去除雨水径流中的磷  

Phosphorus removal by ecological planting tank treating rainwater runoff

作　　者：卢少勇[1] 刘学欣[2] 李珂[1,3] 高硕晗 贾建丽[3] 杨光亚 

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室国家环境保护湖泊污染控制重点实验室湖泊环境研究中心国家环境保护洞庭湖科学观测研究站湖泊工程技术中心,北京100012 [2]交通运输部科学研究院,北京100029 [3]中国矿业大学(北京)化学与环境工程学院,北京100083 [4]河南三门峡至淅川高速公路项目有限公司,三门峡472200

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2016年第7期3434-3438,共5页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：交通运输部建设科技项目(20113183531080);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(2012-YSKY-14);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07105-002;2013ZX07101-014);吉林省交通运输科技项目(2011-1-7)

摘　　要：为解决路面雨水径流未经收集处理排入洱海造成的水污染问题,该研究根据大理东环海公路径流水质特征,从经济、环保角度考虑,选用土壤、混合填料(锯末沙子比例分别为1∶3、1∶4、1∶5)、砾石分层装填的3组生态种植槽系统对其进行模拟净化研究,并测定填料的渗透系数及其对磷的吸附特性。结果表明:土壤对磷的吸附效果明显,沙子次之,锯末较差;种植槽适合植物移栽、自然挂膜及低污染负荷启动方式;运行期出水TP平均浓度均优于地表水Ⅱ类水质标准,平均去除率均高于88%。不同混合填料比种植槽对TP的净化效果从高到低排序依次为:1∶3(锯末∶沙子)>1∶4(锯末∶沙子)>1∶5(锯末∶沙子),且锯末沙子比为1∶3时的渗透能力最好,故推荐锯末∶沙子为1∶3的种植槽供后续示范工程选用;研究成果在大理和河南三门峡得以应用。To solve the water pollution problem of Erhai Lake,caused by highway rainwater runoff,three groups of ecological planting tanks（ EPT） were used to study their water purification effects. Considering economic and environmental protection factors,as well as the runoff water quality characteristics,the EPTs were layered with soil,mixed packing（ sawdust and sand ratios of 1 ∶ 3,1 ∶ 4,and 1 ∶ 5,respectively）,and gravel. Subsequently,with Festuca elata Keng ex E. Alexeev was planted on top of the layers. The permeability coefficient and phosphorus adsorption characteristics of the substrates were also investigated. The results showed that the adsorption efficiency in decreasing order was as follows： soil〉sand〉sawdust. The EPT-prototypes were suitable for transplanting plants,natural biofilm formation,and effectively handled low influent loads. The average EPT effluent concentrations were lower than the grade Ⅱ standard of surface water values. Furthermore,the EPT removal rates were all higher than 88%. The EPT mixed packing ratios affected the water treatment decreasingly in the following order 1 ∶ 3（ sawdust ∶ sand） 〉1 ∶ 4（ sawdust ∶ sand）〉 1 ∶ 5（ sawdust ∶ sand）. Because the infiltration capacity of the 1 ∶ 3（ sawdust ∶sand） packing ratio was best,planting EPTs with this ratio was recommended for subsequent demonstration projects. The research result was successfully applied in Dali,Yunnan Province,and in Sanmenxia,Henan Province.

关 键 词：生态种植槽 混合填料 雨水径流 总磷 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]