外来蜂种对本地传粉蜂物种多样性的影响  

Impacts of alien bees on the species diversity of native pollinating bees

作　　者：任晓晓[1,2] 张炫[1] 赵文正[1] 苏睿[3] 周丹银[1] 董坤[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南高校蜜蜂资源可持续利用工程中心云南农业大学东方蜜蜂研究所云南农业大学食品科学技术学院,昆明650201 [2]云南农业大学动物科学技术学院,昆明650201 [3]云南省农业科学院蚕桑蜜蜂研究所,蒙自661101

出　　处：《中国蜂业》2016年第7期23-27,共5页Apiculture of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31460577;31572339);国家蜂产业技术体系项目(CARS-45-kxj14)

摘　　要：为了提高经济效益而从境外引入外来蜜蜂、熊蜂或胡蜂用于养殖或为设施农业授粉的现象已经很普遍。但引入外来蜂种应慎重,外来蜂种逃逸为野生种群后,因缺乏自然天敌会在短时间内大量繁殖,与本地传粉蜂形成食物竞争或捕食关系,还有可能传播病虫害、干扰本地传粉蜂的生殖,甚至破坏植物-传粉者之间的互利关系,对本地传粉蜂类多样性和自然生态系统稳定性可能产生较大危害。在大量外来蜂种进入我国的现状下,为保护本地传粉蜂的物种多样性,维持自然生态系统的稳定性,建议引种单位应充分评估引种风险并严格管理外来蜂种;政府应加大投资力度,大力开发本地熊蜂资源为设施农业授粉服务;建立中华蜜蜂保护区,保护我国本土蜂种。It is a common phenomenon that introducing exotic species aims to improve economic benefits, particularly introducing honeybees, bumblebees and wasps as pollinators for facility agriculture or food resources to be cultured commercially. However, introducing alien bees must be treated with caution. Alien bees will breed in large numbers when they become wild population for lacking of natural enemies. Alien bees may do great harm to the diversity of native pollinating bees and natural ecosystems stability because they compete food resources with native pollinating bees, prey on them, or transmit disease organisms to them, and even disturb the reproduction of native pollinating bees and the mutual relationship between the specific partners of some plants and pollinators. To conserve species diversity of native pollinating bees and maintain natural ecosystems stability under the status of introducing alien bees massively, we make some suggestions as follows： 1） assessing the risk of introduction adequately and controlling the alien bees strictly; 2） spending huge investment to develop native bumblebees for facility agriculture pollination; 3） establishing nature reserves of Apis cerana cerana in our country.

关 键 词：外来蜂种 本地传粉蜂 生物入侵 物种多样性 

分 类 号：S895.9[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]