我国海洋环境保护政策的历史演进与结构特征——基于政策文本的量化分析  

Research on Historical Evolutions and Structural Features of Chinese Marine Environment Policy:Quantitative Analysis Based on Policy Content

作　　者：许阳[1] 王琪[1] 孔德意[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学,青岛266000 [2]东北大学,沈阳110819

出　　处：《上海行政学院学报》2016年第4期81-91,共11页The Journal of Shanghai Administration Institute

基　　金：国家博士后基金项目(2015M572089)资助;中央高校基本科研业务费项目(201613012)资助

摘　　要：海洋环境保护政策是国家治理海洋环境,规制用海主体行为,分配海洋生态资源,实现海洋可持续发展最直接、最有效的工具。海洋环境保护政策体系的优化与完善直接影响政策执行效果,关乎"海洋强国"建设和"一带一路"战略的实现。对改革开放以来我国海洋环境保护政策体系的演变与特征分析是深入研究海洋环境政策的前提。运用政策内容分析法,以1979年至今中央部委发布的161项海洋环境保护政策为样本进行量化分析,可以发现我国海洋环境政策体系演变呈现出低位徘徊、持续性增长和稳定周期性震荡的三阶段特征;多元政策制定主体间能够描绘出"简单协同"的二元决策协作网络图谱;在政策工具选择上,呈现控制型政策工具过溢而经济激励型政策工具和鼓励-参与型政策工具使用不足的特征。Marine environment policy is the most direct and effective instrument to govern marine environment, control using sea behavior, allocate marine resources and achieve ocean sustainable development. The optimization and improvement of marine environment policy have direct impact on the effect of policy execution. Furthermore, it directly influences marine power construction and the B＆R initiative strategy. The research on the historical evolutions and features of marine environment policy system is premise to deeply analy- sis marine environment policy. Using policy content analysis methodology, this paper quantitativly analyses 161 Chinese marine environ- ment policies from central ministries science 1979. We found that historical development of marine environment policy can be divided three phases： ＂low-position＂ phase, ＂sustained-raise＂ phase, ＂periodically-wave＂ phase. Multi-subjects of policy decided show dualistic cooperative network graph. About policy instruments choice, it presents that ＂controlling instrument＂ is used too enough, but ＂economical instrument＂ and ＂encouraging-engaging instrument＂ are rarely used.

关 键 词：海洋环境政策 政策内容分析法 海洋环境保护 海洋环境治理 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]