有机种植业土壤线虫群落特征的调查研究  

Survey on Ecological Characteristics of Soil Nematodes in Organic Agriculture in China

作　　者：毛妙[1] 王磊[2] 席运官[2] 肖兴基[2] 王辉[3] 李辉信[1] 焦加国[1] 王霞[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,南京210095 [2]环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,南京210042 [3]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008

出　　处：《土壤》2016年第3期492-502,共11页Soils

基　　金：公益性行业(环保)科研专项(2013467036);国家自然科学基金项目(41271270)资助

摘　　要：为揭示有机种植对土壤线虫群落特征的影响,在2013—2014年期间,对华东、华中和西部地区9个样点的有机种植和常规种植的土壤进行了线虫群落的比较研究。在所有调查样点中,共鉴定出线虫27科57属。有机种植条件下,土壤线虫总数平均为1 037条/100 g干土,显著高于常规种植(748条/100 g干土),食细菌线虫的数量显著高于常规。食细菌线虫头叶属(Cephalobus)和真头叶属(Eucephalobus),食真菌线虫滑刃属(Aphelenchoides)和丝尾垫刃属(Filenchus)为有机种植业的共有线虫属。从土壤线虫的生态指数来看,有机种植的瓦斯乐斯卡指数(WI)>1,线虫通道指数(NCR)>0.5,表明有机农业的土壤呈相对健康的状态且腐屑食物网的分解途径主要依靠细菌。其他生态指数在有机和常规农业之间没有显著差异。土壤理化性质与线虫数量、WI指数和成熟度指数MI、PPI之间存在明显的相关关系。In order to know the ecological characteristics of soil nematodes in organic agriculture, soil nematode abundance and diversity were compared in 9 organic cultivation and conventional cultivation soils from East, Central and West China during the period of 2013-2014. The results showed that 27 families and 57 genera of nematodes were identified. The total number of nematodes was about 1 037 individuals per 100 g dry soil with organic management, remarkably different from that with conventional management, so was the bacterivores. The bacterivorous nematodes （Cephalobus ＆ Eucephalobus） and the phytophagous nematodes （Aphelenchoides ＆ Filenchus） existed in all the organic sampling sites. From the aspect of nematode ecological indices, overall, Wasilewska index （W/） and Nematode Channel Ratio （NCR） of the organic farming system indicated that soil conditions were relatively healthy with bacteria dominant in the decomposition of the soil debritus food web. While no significant difference was found between the organic and conventional managements in other ecological indices. Significant correlations were observed between oil physicochemical characteristics and the nematode numbers, WI, MI and PPI.

关 键 词：有机农业 土壤线虫 群落结构 

分 类 号：S154.38[农业科学—土壤学] Q958.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]