不同灌溉模式下土壤温度的变化及对气温的响应特征  

Changes of Soil Temperature and Response to Air Temperature Under Different Irrigation Modes

作　　者：孙贯芳 杜斌[1] 屈忠义[1] 李昌见 张智丽[2] 李锡环[2] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,呼和浩特010018 [2]内蒙古巴彦淖尔市临河区水务局,内蒙古临河015000

出　　处：《土壤》2016年第3期581-587,共7页Soils

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51469020);内蒙古自治区水利科技重大专项([2014]117)资助

摘　　要：在内蒙古河套灌区分别选取了黄灌、井灌、滴灌3种灌溉模式,用土壤温度自动记录仪监测了土壤5、15、25、40 cm处膜内、膜外玉米田土壤温度,研究了膜内表层5 cm土壤温度旬变化、膜内土壤温度日变化、灌溉前后土壤温度变化过程及对气温的响应特征。结果表明：黄灌、井灌土壤膜内5 cm土层旬温度与气温变化显著相关,而滴灌主要受灌水的影响,与气温相关性较差;土壤日温度随土壤深度的增加均出现明显的滞后效应,土壤深度每增加5 cm,黄灌和井灌土壤温度滞后2.7 h左右,滴灌土壤温度滞后2.4 h左右;气温变化显著影响0~40 cm土壤温度日变化;6月中下旬灌水前后黄灌显著提高作物根层底部（40 cm）土壤温度,井灌使得土壤温度降低,滴灌对土壤温度的影响剧烈而短暂;灌后一段时间黄灌和井灌15 cm、25 cm处土壤温度对气温的响应过程与灌前差异明显,而滴灌则是25 cm处灌前灌后差异显著。膜下滴灌较地面灌溉（黄灌、井灌）对气温变化响应迅速且在玉米苗期土壤温度高于地面灌溉,故河套灌区井灌区玉米宜选择膜下滴灌。There are some troubles in the well-channel engineering in Inner Mongolia Hetao Irrigation District due to the temperature of well water is lower than that of the Yellow river water in the crop growth period. In this paper, automatic monitoring soil temperature at depth of 5, 15, 25 and 40 cm inside and outside mulching film were carried out in the maize fields which were surface irrigated with Yellow river water （H）, well water （J） and drip irrigation with well water （D）, in order to characterize the 10 d and diurnal changes of soil temperature at 5 cm depth inside mulching film, before and after irrigation and its response to air temperature. The results showed that 10 d soil temperatures of H and J at 5 cm depth responded to air temperature significantly, yet D failed due to the frequent irrigation; the hysteresis effect was apparent in soil daily temperature with increasing soil depth, H （J） was delayed by 2.7 h but D delayed by 2.4 h per 5 cm increment of soil depth from 0 to 40 cm, and air temperature changes significantly affected the diurnal variation of 0 - 40 em soil temperature. In mid to late June, H significantly promoted soil temperature of crop root zone （40 cm）, J reduced soil temperature, D influenced soil temperature severely but shortly. The response of soil temperatures at 15 cm and 25 cm depths of H and J to air temperature after irrigation were significantly different with that before irrigation, while D was significantly different at 25 cm depth, on the whole, D with mulching film responses fast to air temperature and soil temperature is higher than H and J in maize seedling stage, so it is feasible for maize irrigation in well-irrigated areas of Hetao irrigation region.

关 键 词：土壤温度 气温 不同灌溉模式 膜下滴灌 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程]