不同作物轮作对连作高粱生长及其根际土壤环境的影响  

Effects of different crop rotations on growth of continuous cropping sorghum and its rhizosphere soil micro-environment

作　　者：王劲松[1] 樊芳芳[2] 郭珺[1] 武爱莲[1] 董二伟[1] 白文斌[3] 焦晓燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院农业环境与资源研究所,太原030031 [2]山西大学生物工程学院,太原030006 [3]山西省农业科学院高粱研究所,山西榆次030600

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2016年第7期2283-2291,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD07B02-05);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CABS-06-02-03)资助~~

摘　　要：以高粱连作5年为对照(CK),研究了高粱连作3年轮作苜蓿(T_1)和葱(T_2),对下茬高粱生长、根际土壤微生物及土壤酶活性的影响.结果表明:与CK相比,轮作改善了高粱地上部的生长;T_1增产16.5%,效果明显.轮作也促进了高粱根系的生长,T_1和T_2处理的高粱总根长是CK的1.3和1.4倍,根总表面积是CK的1.6和1.5倍,根体积是CK的2.2和1.6倍,根系生物量是CK的2.0和1.3倍,T_1促进了根系在10 cm以下土层中的分布.借助Biolog法对穗花期根际土壤微生物群落功能多样性分析表明,T_1和T_2处理根际土壤微生物活性显著高于CK,且Shannon多样性指数分别是CK的1.2和1.1倍;轮作提高了根际土壤蔗糖酶活性.综上,轮作苜蓿比轮作葱更能改善高粱根际土壤环境,提高土壤微生物活性和酶活性,控制高粱连作障碍,提高高粱产量.The effects of crop rotation on sorghum [Sorghum biocolor （L） Moench] growth, rhizo- sphere microbial community and the activity of soil enzymes for successive crops of sorghum were e- valuated. Five years of continuous monocuhure sorghum as the control （CK） was compared to alfal- fa and scallion planted in the fourth year. The results showed that incorporation of alfalfa and scal- lion into the rotation significantly improved sorghum shoot growth. Specifically, sorghum grain yield increased by 16.5% in the alfalfa rotation plots compared to the CK. The rotations also increased sorghum root system growth, with alfalfa or scallion rotation increasing sorghum total root length by 0.3 and 0.4 times, total root surface area by 0.6 and 0.5 times, root volume by 1.2 and 0.6 times, and root biomass by 1.0 and 0.3 times, respectively. Alfalfa rotation also expanded sorghum root distribution below the 10 cm soil depth. A Biolog analysis on biome functions in the sorghum flower- ing period indicated significantly higher microbial activity in the rotation plots. The alfalfa and scal- lion rotation increased the Shannon index by 0.2 and 0.1 times compared to the CK, and improved the sucrose activity in the rhizosphere soil. It was concluded that including alfalfa in rotation with sorghum improved sorghum rhizosphere soil environment, enhanced soil microbial enzyme activity, alleviated the obstacle of continuous cropping and thus increased the sorghum yield.

关 键 词：高粱 轮作 微生物群落 土壤环境 连作障碍 

分 类 号：S514[农业科学—作物学] S344