山美水库氮营养盐滞留特征及其影响因素的多时间尺度分析  

Multiple time-scale analysis of nitrogen retention characteristics and influencing factors in Shanmei Reservoir,Fujian,China

作　　者：刘梅冰[1,2,3] 陈兴伟[2,3] 陈莹[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学地理所,福州350007 [2]福建师范大学地理科学学院,福州350007 [3]湿润亚热带山地生态国家重点实验室培育基地,福州350007

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2016年第7期2348-2356,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：福建省自然科学基金项目(2016J01187);福建科技厅省属公益类科研院所青年科研项目(2014R1034-4);福建省科技厅重点项目(2013N0013)资助~~

摘　　要：水库对氮营养盐的滞留效应对水体富营养化防控有重要影响,为揭示不同时间尺度下水库氮营养盐的滞留特征及影响因素的差异,通过构建山美水库流域生态动力学模型,在统计水库氮滞留量和滞留率的基础上,从年、月、日不同时间尺度对氮营养盐的滞留效应进行分析;并通过多元线性相关分析,对入库流量、出入库流量比、水力滞留时间、流速、温度5种因素的影响进行研究.结果表明：不同时间尺度下山美水库的氮滞留过程均呈现波动特征.在年尺度上,水库主要呈现正滞留效应,是流域重要的氮汇;在月尺度上,氮滞留呈现丰枯期变化特征,水库在源和汇的角色上发生转变;在日尺度上,枯水年氮滞留过程波动剧烈,滞留率在-300%~100%之间变化.不同时间尺度下,出入库流量比、流速因子均是影响水库氮滞留的重要因素;随着时间尺度的降低,入库流量和温度因子对氮滞留的影响程度有所增强;水力滞留时间对氮滞留的影响程度则随时间尺度变化而有正负差异.The retention effect of reservoir on nitrogen is an important influence factor on the eu- trophication prevention and control. In order to reveal the differences of nitrogen retention character- istics and the influence factors at multiple timescales, an ecological dynamic model was developed in Shanmei Reservoir watershed. Based on the retention flux and retention rate calculation, the ni- trogen retention effect was analyzed at three time scales of yearly, monthly and daily, respectively. Furthermore, multiple linear correlation analysis was conducted to analyze the influence of inflow runoff, ratio of inflow to outflow, residence time, velocity and temperature on the retention of nitro- gen in the reservoir. The results showed that the process of nitrogen retention always displayed fluc- tuant characteristic at different time scales. On a yearly scale, the reservoir mainly played a role of nitrogen sink; on a monthly scale, seasonal variation of nitrogen retention and release effect made the reservoir as nitrogen sink in wet period and as nitrogen source in dry period; on a daily scale, the nitrogen retention process fluctuated intensely, with the retention rate ranging from -300% to 100% in dry year. At different time scales, ratio of inflow to outflow and velocity were always the important factors to affect nitrogen retention in the reservoir, with significant correlation coefficients consistently. With the time scale changing from yearly to monthly, daily, the influence degree of in- flow runoff and temperature on nitrogen retention was gradually strengthened. The correlations be-tween the residence time and retention rate could be positive or negative at different time scales.

关 键 词：氮滞留效应 影响因素 多时间尺度 生态动力学模型 山美水库 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]