播量对秸秆带状覆盖冬小麦干物质积累、产量及耗水特性的影响  

Effects of sowing rate on dry matter accumulation and distribution,grain yield of winter wheat and soil water consumption under strip mulch straw

作　　者：周翔[1] 柴守玺[1] 黄彩霞[1,2] 杨长刚[1] 程宏波[3] 常磊[1] 王燕培 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学工学院,甘肃兰州730070 [3]甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院,甘肃兰州730030

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2016年第3期31-36,共6页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(20130314);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-3-2-49)

摘　　要：【目的】探究西北黄土高原半干旱雨养条件下秸秆带状覆盖技术种植冬小麦的适宜播量.【方法】于2013~2014年生长季研究了秸秆带状覆盖种植下不同播量（T1：150kg/hm2、T2：187.5kg/hm2、T3：225kg/hm2、T4：262.5kg/hm2、T5：300kg/hm2）对冬小麦干物质积累与分配、产量及耗水特性影响.【结果】秸秆带状覆盖种植下T5处理具有最高的籽粒产量,为4 067kg/hm2,同时具有最高的WUE（12.1kg/（hm2·mm）.播量高低与产量构成要素密切相关.增加播量,单位面积穗数增加,但千粒质量和穗粒数降低,且T5与T1达到了极显著水平（P〈0.01）.播量显著影响花前、花后积累干物质对籽粒的贡献,但花后的影响大于花前,且均以T5具有最高的籽粒贡献率,说明无论冬小麦处于营养生长还是生殖生长,增加播量可促进茎鞘、叶及颖壳＋穗轴储藏性光合产物向籽粒转运.【结论】500kg/hm2为秸秆带状覆盖种植技术下推荐播量.【Objective】This paper is aimed at discussing suitable sowing rate of winter wheat cultivated by strip mulch straw under rainfed condition in semi-arid region of northwest loess plateau.【Method】Five sowing rates were designed under straw strip cover as T1（150 kg/hm2）,T2（187.5 kg/hm2）,T3（225kg/hm2,T4（262.5kg/hm2）and T5（300kg/hm2）at growing season in 2013~2014to research the effects of sowing rate on dry matter accumulation and distribution,yield and water consumption of winter wheat.【Result】 T5 had the highest yield of winter wheat（4 067 kg/hm2） and WUE（12.1kg/（hm2·mm））.Sowing rate was closely related to yield components.The number of spikes per unit area increased with increase of sowing rate with higher sowing date,while both 1000-grain weight and grain number decreased,and which was significantly different between T1 and T5（P〈0.01）.Sowing rate markedly promoted dry matter translocation amount of vegetative organs to grains in winter wheat,which was more obvious before florescence than after florescence.T5 had contribution to seeds from vegetative organs,which indicated that increasing sowing rate could promote dry matter translocation to seeds at the whole stage.【Conclusion】Sowing rate under strip mulch straw is 500kg/hm2 over the field.

关 键 词：冬小麦 播量 秸秆带状覆盖 干物质 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]