2010-2014年巫溪县燃煤污染型地方性氟中毒监测结果分析  

Surveillance Results of Coal-burning Endemic Fluorosis in Wuxi County over 2010 to 2014

作　　者：廖映旭 刘小兵 邹文斌 夏翠 

机构地区：[1]巫溪县疾病预防控制中心地方病科,重庆巫溪405800

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2016年第7期639-642,共4页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

基　　金：中央补助地方公共卫生专项资金地方病防治项目(2005-2015)

摘　　要：目的了解近5年来巫溪县防治燃煤污染引起的地方性氟中毒的效果，为巫溪县消除燃煤污染型地方病氟中毒制定防治措施提供科学依据。方法每年对巫溪县3个固定监测村儿童氟斑牙、尿氟含量进行检测，并监测这3个固定监测村及5个流动监测村居民户炉灶使用情况及相关行为方式，收集连续5年的资料，进行纵向比较。结果固定监测村儿童氟斑牙检出率从48．16％下降到30．07％，氟斑牙指数从0．93下降到0．53，儿童尿氟从0．94mg／L下降到0．35mg／L；8个监测村在采暖季节使用铁炉、电热器及改良灶3种清洁能源中任意一种取暖的用户最高可占95％；铁炉和改良灶的质量合格率在22．5％-91．25％内波动；铁炉和改良灶的正确使用率在26．25％-91．25％之间；固定监测村和流动监测村居民户正确干燥、保存及食用玉米、辣椒保持在90％以上。结论采取以改炉改灶为主的综合性防治措施防治燃煤污染型地方性氟中毒后，儿童氟斑牙、尿氟等氟毒性效应指标得到了较大改善，炉灶正确使用率也在提高，应继续加强健康教育宣传工作。Objective To investigate prevention and treatment effects of coal - burning endemic fluorosis in Wuxi County over the recent 5 years and provide a scientific basis for enacting prevention and control measures. Methods The dental fluorosis and urine fluorine in children from the three fixed surveillance villages were tested every year; the methods of using stoves and the living habits of people in the three fixed surveillance villages and five mobile surveillance village were monitored annually as well. Date were collected over 2010 to 2014 and vertically compared. Results In the fixed surveillance villages, the detectable rate of dental fluorosis decreased from 48.16% to 30. 07% , the index of dental fluorosis dropped from 0. 93 to 0. 53, the median urine fluorine of children fell from 0.94mg/L to 0.35mg/L. During the heating season, any of three clean energy, ironforge, electric heater and improved stoves utilized for heating accounted for 95% in 8 surveillance villages. The rate of using stoves correctly ranged from 22.50% to 91.25% ; the rate of using ovens correctly was between 26.25% and 91.25 %. The rate of correctly drying and eating corn and chili was more than 90% in all surveillance villages. Conclusion Following implementation of comprehensive prevention and treatment measures with replacement of coal -burning type stove and kitchen refurbishment as the core method, dental fluorosis in children and urine fluorine have significantly improved, and the rate of using stoves correctly is also rising. Health education should be further enhanced.

关 键 词：燃煤型地方性氟中毒 氟斑牙 尿氟 监测 

分 类 号：R599[医药卫生—内科学]