四川省甲肝减毒活疫苗纳入免疫规划后的流行病学效果分析  

Epidemiological Effects of Live,Attenuated Hepatitis A Vaccine after the Expanded Program on Immunization(EPI)

作　　者：敬嵛淋[1,2] 郑红茹[2] 漆琪[2] 马千里[2] 王进[2] 杜飞[2] 刘宇[2] 李银乔[2] 陈筱纯[2] 刘家洁[2] 胡新[2] 赵家俊[2] 方刚[2] 栾荣生[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西公共卫生学院,成都610041 [2]四川省疾病预防控制中心免疫规划所

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2016年第8期804-808,共5页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

摘　　要：目的观察四川省甲肝减毒活疫苗(简称"甲肝疫苗")纳入免疫规划以来的流行病学效果。方法采用生态学研究方法,对四川省甲肝疫苗纳入免疫规划前后的全省甲肝发病情况、甲肝突发公共卫生、甲肝疫苗接种率事件等资料进行统计分析。结果甲肝疫苗纳入免疫规划后全省甲肝报告发病率下降明显,疫苗实际保护率逐年上升至79.21%(2014年)。全省甲肝报告发病率与甲肝疫苗调查接种率呈显著负相关(rs=-0.898,P<0.05)。甲肝疫苗纳入免疫规划后,甲肝高发地区甲肝报告发病率下降显著,疫苗实际保护率达80%以上。全省甲肝突发公共卫生事件明显减少,2010-2014年全省仅发生1起甲肝突发公共卫生事件。结论甲肝疫苗的保护效果显著。民族地区的免疫规划工作仍需加强,以进一步提高甲肝疫苗保护效果。Objective To evaluate the epidemiological effects of live, attenuated hepatitis A vaccine after the Expanded Program on hnmunization （ EPI）. Methods Based on the Ecologic study method, the hepatitis A situation, emergency public health issue of hepatitis A and the coverage rate of hepatitis A vaccine were analyzed before and after EPI in Sichuan. Results After EPI, the incidence of hepatitis A obviously declined and the hepatitis A vaccine effective protective rate in the total population increased to 79.21% （2014）. There was a significant negative correlation between the reported incidence of hepatitis A and the investigation coverage rate of hepatitis A vaccine （rs= -0. 898, P 〈 0.05）. The incidence of hepatitis A decreased significantly and the vaccine effective protective rate was over 80% in the high epidemic： areas after EPI. The emergency public health issue was obviously reduced, which was only 1 case during 2010 -2014. Conclusion After EPI, the live, attenuated hepatitis A vaccine could effectively protective the population in Sichuan. However, the EPI work in minority regions should be strengthened to enhance the effect of hepatitis A vaccine.

关 键 词：病毒性肝炎 甲肝 甲肝减毒活疫苗 疫苗实际保护率 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]