贵州省黔东南州5县(市)农田土壤中蛔虫卵调查  

Survey on Ascarid Eggs in Rural Soil of the 5 Counties in Qiandongnan Prefecture

作　　者：肖泽颖 卫芳[1] 苏娅玲 罗涛[1] 唐德亮[1] 刘静[1] 陆显川 

机构地区：[1]黔东南州疾病预防控制中心,贵州凯里556000

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2016年第8期873-876,共4页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

摘　　要：目的了解黔东南州监测点农田土壤蛔虫卵污染情况，为政府和有关部门制定政策措施提供数据。方法采用改良饱和硝酸钠漂浮法进行蛔虫卵检测，采用《土壤检测第2部分：土壤pH值的测定》方法测定土壤中的pH值。结果2011—2014年共采集农田土壤320份，蛔虫卵检出率为49．38％，活虫卵检出率为31．56％；2011—2014年蛔虫卵检出率分别为37．50％、46．25％、53．75％和60．00％，呈逐年上升趋势，年份之间农田土壤蛔虫卵检出率比较差异有统计学意义（19〈0．01）；黔东南州5个监测点（凯里市、三穗县、麻江县、镇远县、丹寨县）的农田土壤蛔虫卵检出率在46．25％-55．00％之间，5县（市）农田土壤蛔虫卵检出率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；158份蛔虫卵检出的土壤中，有82．28％的土壤检出的蛔虫卵数在15（个／10g）以下；101份活虫卵检出的土壤中，有96．04％的土壤检出的活虫卵数在15（个／10g）以下；土壤pH值对农田土壤中蛔虫卵、活虫卵污染影响不明显（P〉0．05）。结论黔东南州农田土壤蛔虫卵污染越来越严重。应开展农村爱国卫生运动，提高群众环保意识及个人卫生，改善环境卫生；肥料中蛔虫卵死亡率和粪大肠菌群数指标应符合NY884的要求；应实施粪便无害化处理降低土壤中蛔虫卵的污染。Objective To understand the contaminative situation of Ascarid eggs in farmland of Qiandongnan, and to provide the basis for governments to set out prevention policy. Methods Sodium nitrate flotation method was used to detect Asearid eggs. Soil testing - Part 2 ： Determination of soil pH value was used to determin the soil pH. Results A total of 320 farmland soil samples were collected in 2011 -2014. Average detection rate was 49.38% , and 31.56% for live eggs. Annual detection rate was 37.50 % , 46.25%, 53.75% and 60.00% from 2011 to 2014, showing an upward trend. There was a statistical difference （χ^2 =9.05, P 〈0. 01 ） between years; Detection rate in Qiandongnan （Kaili city, Sansui county, Majiang county, Zhenyuan county, Danzhai county） was between 46. 25% - 55.00% , yet with no statistical difference （χ^2 = 3. 17, P 〉 0. 05 ） ; In 158 samples in which detected Ascarid eggs, 82.28% were no more than 15 （a/10g）. In 101 samples in which detected live Ascarid eggs, 96.04% were no more than 15 （a/10 g）. The pH of soil had no significant association with detection rate of Ascarid eggs （χ^2 =0. 00, P 〉 0. 05） and live Ascarid eggs （χ^2 =0. 15, P 〉0. 05）. Conclusion The contaminative situation of Ascarid eggs is getting worse in Qiandongnan. Patriotic health campaign should be carried out to improve personal hygiene, environmental hygiene and the environmental sense of public. The mortality rate of Ascaris eggs and the number of fecal coliforms of fertilizer should be in NY884 standard. Additionally, harmless treatment of feces should be implemented to reduce the contaminative situation of Ascaris eggs in soil.

关 键 词：监测 蛔虫卵 检出率 

分 类 号：R383.1[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]