北极地区油气成藏条件、资源分布规律与重点含油气盆地分析  

Analysis on reservoir-forming conditions,resource distribution and major petroliferous basins of Arctic

作　　者：麻伟娇[1] 陶士振[1] 韩文学[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《天然气地球科学》2016年第6期1046-1056,共11页Natural Gas Geoscience

基　　金：国家科技重大专项"岩性地层油气藏成藏规律;关键技术及目标评价"(编号:2011ZX05001)资助

摘　　要：北极地区油气资源丰富,是未来油气勘探开发的重点区域,对北极含油气盆地地质条件的研究以及资源评价有着战略意义。基于北极含油气盆地构造演化、沉积特征的分析,开展了含油气盆地资源量统计和地质条件评价。研究表明：大部分含油气盆地沉积地层较厚,沉积序列较完整,圈闭类型主要为构造圈闭。已发现资源量和待发现资源量巨大且分布范围比较集中,待发现油气多集中于海上地区,尤其是广泛分布的大陆架上。对7个含油气盆地进行综合分析,结果显示：古生界以浅海碳酸盐岩、陆源泥页岩为主;中新生界以陆源碎屑岩为主,发育泥岩、页岩、煤层优质烃源岩和砂岩储层,均能形成良好的生储盖组合。盆地烃源岩主要为泥页岩,有机质类型主要为Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型,TOC含量变化范围大,为1%~10%,且R_O值主要分布于0.8%~2.5%之间;储层主要为中生界砂岩,孔隙度多数在8%~30%之间,渗透率在数百—数千毫达西;盖层主要为中新生界泥页岩。不同盆地由于其构造演化、沉积序列、地理位置各异,具有其独特的生—储—盖条件和资源潜力。盆地古生界烃源岩潜力巨大,而且碳酸盐岩经过长期暴露风化可能形成规模缝洞型储层,自生自储、新生古储资源类型潜力巨大。Proliferous in gas and oil,Arctic has been a hotspot for future petroleum exploration,research on reservoir-forming conditions and resources is of significant value.Based on tectonic evolution and stratigraphy-sedimentary characteristics,petroleum geology of petroliferous basins is analyzed and hydrocarbon resource is statistically compared.The results show that majority of main oil and gas-bearing basins have developed thick and complete sediments,the trap types are mainly anticlinal trap and fault trap.Both discovered and undiscovered resources are huge and their distribution is concentrated,undiscovered resources are mainly centered on the offshore area especially the continental shelves.Seven basins that are rich in discovered and undiscovered oil and gas are comprehensively described,the results reveal thatPaleozoic are packed with carbonate and mudstone while Mesozoic and Neozoic are mainly composed of terrigenous detrital rocks,all strata are favorable of source-reservoir-cap combination.The source rocks are mainly shale and mudstone,organic type belongs to type Ⅱ orⅢ.TOCis characterized by large variations but focused between 1% and 10%,and all the organic matter has maturity R_O〉0.5%.The reservoirs are mainly Mesozoic sandstone with porosity of about 20%and permeability ranging between hundreds to thousands millidarcy.The caps are mainly Mesozoic-Neozoic shale.Each basin has its unique source-reservoir-cap combination and resource potential due to different tectonic evolution,sedimentary features and geographic position.Geological features in Arctic reveal that Paleozoic source rocks is of great potential,and the carbonate may experience longtime exposure and weathering which may form fracture-vuggy reservoirs,thus in-situ reservoir and young source-old reservoir are of great resource potential.

关 键 词：北极 含油气盆地 油气地质条件 资源潜力 分布规律 

分 类 号：TE121.1[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]