盐碱地花生种植方式对土壤水盐动态、温度和产量的影响  

Effects of Planting Patterns of Saline Peanut on Soil Water-salt Dynamics,Soil Temperature and Yield

作　　者：赵海军[1,2] 戴良香[2] 张智猛[2] 慈敦伟[2] 丁红[2] 杨吉顺[2] 秦斐斐[2] 

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院,济南250100 [2]山东省花生研究所,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2016年第6期6-13,共8页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD11B04);山东省农业重大应用技术创新课题(2014);山东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队岗位专家项目(SDAIT-05-022-06);山东省自主创新专项基金项目(2014ZZCX07401-12);青岛市民生科技计划项目(14-2-3-34-nsh);山东省农业科学院科技创新重点项目(2014CXZ06-2)

摘　　要：采用田间小区试验,研究了中度滨海盐碱土区平作不覆膜、平作覆膜、垄作覆膜和沟作覆膜4种种植方式下,花生不同生育期0~100cm土壤水盐动态和0~25cm土层土壤温度的日变化及其产量状况。结果表明,（1）盐碱地花生在垄作覆膜和平作覆膜种植方式下,0~60cm土层土壤含水率变化较大,垄作覆膜种植方式下结荚期前20~40cm土层含水率较沟作覆膜和平作覆膜种植方式分别降低了12.66%和9.35%。（2）垄作覆膜种植方式提高了盐碱地花生生育前期即开花期前0~20cm土层土壤含盐量,平作覆膜种植方式则使全生育期0~60cm土层含盐量明显升高,沟作覆膜种植方式下全生育期剖面土壤含盐量均较低且变幅最小。（3）种植方式对花生苗期5cm和开花期0~10cm地温日变化和最高温度的影响较大,其主要通过提高土壤最高温度来影响土壤温度,开花期垄作覆膜和平作不覆膜2种方式下10cm土层最大温差达6.7℃;花针期后,种植方式对15cm以下地温的影响不明显。（4）中度盐碱土区采用垄作覆膜或沟作覆膜的种植方式可提高花生水分利用效率,并显著提高花生产量。Field plot experiment was performed in the moderate coastal saline area,and four planting patterns were designed,such as：flat seeding without plastic mulching,flat seedling with plastic mulching,bed seeding with plastic mulching and furrow seeding with plastic mulching pattern.The soil water and salt dynamics arrangement in 0~100cm soil layers and the changes of soil temperature in 0~25cm soil layers were analyzed during peanut growth period.The results showed that（1）the change of soil water content in 0~60cm soil layers under the bed seeding and furrow seeding with plastic mulching patterns was larger than that of other treatments.The water content in 20~40cm soil layers before pod-setting stage decreased by 12.66% and 9.35% respectively under the bed seeding compared with plastic mulching and flat seedling with plastic mulching.（2）The salinity in 0~20cm soil layer increased before the flowering stage under bed seeding with plastic mulching planting pattern.The salinity in 0~60cm soil layers obviously increased in the whole growth stage under flat seedling with plastic mulching pattern,while soil salt content and the changing range under furrow seeding with plastic mulching pattern were lower than those of other treatments.（3）Different planting patterns showed the greatest effect on variation of the soil maximum temperature and soil temperature in 0~5cm soil layers at seedling stage and in 0~10cm soil layers at flowering stage.The soil temperature was increased by improving the highest temperature.The maximum temperature variation was 6.7 ℃in 10 cm soil layers between bed seeding with plastic mulching and flat seeding without plastic mulching pattern at flowering stage.The temperature below 15 cm soil layers was not significantly influenced by planting patterns after flowering-pegging stage.（4）Water use efficiency and the peanut yield were increased significantly by using the bed seedling or furrow seeding with plastic mulching pattern.

关 键 词：土壤水分 种植方式 盐碱地 花生 含盐量 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]