水氮对滴灌夏棉生长特性和产量的影响  

Effects of Water and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Growth Characteristics and Yield of Fertigated-summer Cotton

作　　者：司转运 高阳[1] 刘浩[1] 王广帅[1] 梁悦萍[1] 周浩勇 段爱旺[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所/农业部作物需水与调控重点开放实验室,河南新乡453002

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2016年第6期19-25,共7页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203077);水利部公益性行业科研专项(201501017);国家农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-18-19);中国农业科学院科技创新工程

摘　　要：为揭示水氮供应对新乡地区夏棉生长特性和产量的调控效应,在滴灌条件下,采用裂区设计设置5个氮素施用水平和3个灌溉供水水平,通过田间试验,分析了不同水氮处理对夏棉生长特性和产量的影响。结果表明,增加灌水量和氮肥用量对株高、叶面积指数、地上部干物质以及蕾铃花干质量的增加都有促进作用,低水、低氮条件下作物生长会受到明显抑制,而高氮则在高水和低水情况下对作物生长有抑制作用。氮素和水分之间存在相互补偿效应。水分、氮素及其交互作用对籽棉产量都有显著影响;3种不同灌水量条件下,在施纯氮180kg/hm2时籽棉产量最高;5种不同施氮量条件下,灌水定额30mm时籽棉产量最高;在灌水定额30mm和施纯氮180kg/hm2时,产量最高,达4 016kg/hm2。因此,夏季棉花最优水氮管理方案是灌水定额30mm条件下施纯氮180kg/hm2。To understand the regulating effect of water and nitrogen on growth characteristics and yield of summer cotton in Xinxiang,field experiments under drip irrigation,with five levels of nitrogen application and three levels of irrigation quota using split plot design,were conducted to investigate effects of different water and nitrogen treatments on crop growth and yield of fertigated-summer cotton.Results showed that application of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer increased plant height,leaf area index,above-ground dry matter and dry weight of cotton boll.Low water or nitrogen application level had negative effect on cotton growth and development.Under the condition of full irrigation and deficit irrigation,high nitrogen application might reduce cotton growth and yield.So,it was suggested that nitrogen and water had inter-compensatory effects on crop growth.Water,nitrogen,and crossover factor all had significant effects on seed cotton yield.For the three irrigation treatments,the maximum seed cotton yield all were harvested in the treatment with nitrogen application of 180kg/hm2.For the five nitrogen treatments,the highest seed cotton yield all appeared in the treatment with irrigation quota of 30 mm.The largest yield in the experiment,4 016kg/hm2,was measured in the treatment with irrigation quota of 30 mm and nitrogen application of180kg/hm2.Therefore,the optimal water and nitrogen management model for summer cotton in Xinxiang area is suggested as adopting irrigation quota of 30 mm and nitrogen application of 180kg/hm2.

关 键 词：灌水量 氮肥用量 夏棉 生长特性 籽棉产量 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学] S275.6