利用组织培养成芋技术快速构建魔芋杂交品系的探索  

Rapid Construction Way of Amorphophallus konjac Hybrid Strains Using Technology of Tissue Culture

作　　者：马继琼[1] 尹桂芳[1] 孙道旺[1] 杨奕[1] 王玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南省农业生物技术重点实验室/农业部西南作物基因资源与种质创制重点实验室/云南省农业科学院生物技术与种质资源研究所,云南昆明650223

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2016年第6期1398-1403,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：云南省科技厅重点新产品开发项目(2011BB008)

摘　　要：魔芋杂交种子休眠期长和种芋繁殖慢等特性,一粒杂交种子衍生为一个品系至少需3~4年,选育周期长成为杂交育种的主要障碍。本研究选取曲靖花魔芋异株人工授粉约1个月左右的幼嫩杂交种子,诱导愈伤组织和不定芽,获得了试管微型芋。研究表明：剥去绿色的外层果皮及叠生木栓组织后具有活性的杂交种子（块茎原始体）是诱导愈伤组织的最佳外植体;适宜诱导愈伤组织培养基是MS＋6BA 1.5 mg/L＋NAA 0.4 mg/L＋白糖3.0%,诱导率达100%;适宜诱导不定芽培养基是MS＋6BA 0.8 mg/L＋NAA 0.4 mg/L＋白糖3.0%,分化率达63%;适宜诱导试管微型芋培养基是1/2MS＋NAA 1.0 mg/L＋PP3330.4 mg/L＋白糖5.0%,诱导率为93%,培养35 d左右,收获试管芋平均1~3 g。本研究对幼嫩杂交种子组织培养和试管微型芋的培养技术进行了初探,1年内即可构建单粒杂交种子衍生的品系,为品系比较和选择提供了材料,为加速魔芋杂交育种进程提供了一项关键技术。The cross breeding for Amorphophallus konjac is very difficult,and a hybrid seed growing into strains at least need 3- 4 years. The reason is that A. konjac has the characteristics of long dormancy of hybrid seed and seed-tuber reproduces slowly. In this experiment,callus and adventitious buds were induced using hybrid seeds as explants on A. konjac. Results showed that the active seeds（ the original of tuber）without epidermis were the optimum explants for rapid callus induction of A. konjac; the optimal medium for callus induction was MS ＋ 6BA1. 5 mg / L ＋ NAA 0. 4 mg / L ＋ sugar 3. 0 %,and the callus induction rate was 100 %; the optimal medium for adventitious buds induction was MS ＋ 6BA 0. 8 mg / L ＋ NAA 0. 4 mg / L ＋ sugar 3. 0 %,and the differentiation rate of adventitious buds was 63 %; the optimal medium for inducing in vitro corms was 1 /2MS ＋ NAA 1. 0 mg / L ＋ PP3330. 4 mg / L ＋ sugar 5. 0 %,and the induction rate of vitro corms was 93 %,and vitro corms weight was 1- 3 grams after culturing 35 d. This study is aimed to explore the tissue culture of tender seeds and the cultivation technique for corms in vitro of A. konjac,and it provides the new materials for cross breeding and accelerates the breeding process for new strains derived from single hybrid seed in a year.

关 键 词：魔芋 杂交种子 组织培养 试管微型芋 

分 类 号：S632.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]