陶瓷超滤膜技术用于炸药机械加工废水回用  

Reuse of Wastewater in Explosive Machining Process with Ceramic Ultra-filtration Membranes

作　　者：李诗纯[1] 刘渝[1] 尹锐[1] 罗理渊 卿厚卿 徐瑞娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所,四川绵阳621999 [2]江苏久吾高科技股份有限公司,江苏南京210000

出　　处：《含能材料》2016年第7期709-714,共6页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

基　　金：中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所创新基金资助(KJCX-201414)

摘　　要：炸药机械加工过程会产生含炸药和油性冷却液的废水,采用陶瓷超滤膜可以去除废水中的悬浮颗粒,实现炸药废水回用。考察了多种操作条件对处理效果的影响,采用浓缩实验及膜清洗实验考察了膜污染情况,通过水质分析及炸药药柱浸泡实验考察了膜分离产水回用的可行性。结果表明,进料压力、循环流量和浓水通量等操作条件主要影响膜通量;将10批废水分别浓缩10倍后,膜通量下降至初始通量的40%;分别采用清水和1.5%NaOH溶液对膜进行物理和化学清洗,化学清洗后膜通量可恢复96.6%;膜分离产水和机床冷却原水在pH、油、悬浮物及浊度等水质指标上相似,同时,这两种水对TNT药柱和HMX基PBX药柱表面颜色影响一致。因此,陶瓷超滤膜可以用于炸药机加废水回用。In the process of explosive machining, wastewater containing pollutants such as explosives and oily coolant was produced. Ceramic ultra-filtration membranes could be used to remove the suspended solids for the reuse of explosive wastewater. The effects of operation parameters on permeate flux and turbidity were investigated. The membrane fouling was investigated by concentration and washing experiments. Moreover, the water quality analysis and explosive column immersing experiments were proposed to investigate the feasibility for reuse of wastewater. Results indicate that the feed pressure, circular flux, and retained flux mainly affect the permeate flux instead of turbidity. The permeate flux decreases by 40% after 10 times of concentration experiments. The tap water and 1.5% NaOH solution were used for physical and chemical membrane washing and the permeate flux recovered 96.6% after chemical washing. The permeate water of membrane and the cooling water of machine tool are similar on indicators pH, oil concentration, turbidity, and suspended solids. Moreover, the effects of permeate water and cooling water on the color of the surface of TNT and HMX explosive column are consistent. Therefore, the ceramic ultra-filtration membrane tech- nology could be used for the reuse of wastewater in explosive machining process.

关 键 词：化学分离工程 陶瓷膜 超滤 悬浮物 炸药机加 废水回用 

分 类 号：TQ560.6[化学工程—炸药化工] X76[环境科学与工程—环境工程]