陇东塬区玉米灌浆期气象因子变化对产量构成因素的影响  

Influence of Meteorological Factors Variation on Yield Components During Maize Grain-Filling Stage in East Gansu

作　　者：赵玮[1] 张艳艳[1] 张锋 王琴 翟晓琴 邱宁刚 张谋草 

机构地区：[1]河北省廊坊市气象局,河北廊坊065000 [2]甘肃省庆阳市气象局,甘肃西峰745000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2016年第21期62-66,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家级公益性(气象)科研专项(重大专项)资助项目"干旱气象科学研究-我国北方干旱致灾过程及机理"(GYHY201506001)

摘　　要：为了了解气象因子的变化对陇东塬区玉米灌浆期生长的影响,合理利用气候资源。利用西峰农业气象试验站观测资料,采用数理统计方法分析了该区玉米在灌浆前期(开花至乳熟)、灌浆后期(乳熟至成熟)及整个灌浆期(开花至成熟)光、热、水对产量构成因素的影响。结果表明:不同灌浆期的平均气温、平均最高气温、温度日较差、光照时数对产量构成因素呈现较高的负效应,平均最低气温、≥10℃积温对产量构成因素呈正效应;降水量在整个灌浆期对百粒重呈现较强的正相关,在灌浆前期和后期对株籽粒重和百粒重呈现较弱正相关,作物耗水量在灌浆后期对产量构成因素呈现较强正效应。同时分析得出玉米灌浆期平均气温、平均最高气温、温度日较差和光照时数呈现逐年降低趋势,平均最低气温、≥10℃积温和降水量呈现逐年增加趋势。总而言之,在陇东塬区热量和光照基本能满足玉米不同灌浆期的需求,水分是限制产量的关键因素,气候变化有利于陇东塬区玉米灌浆,对提高产量有利。The aims are to understand the influence of meteorological factors variation on the growth of maize during grain-filling stage in East Gansu, and utilize climate resource rationally. The data collected in XifengAgricultural Meteorological Experiment Station were used to analyze the influence of sunshine, heat, water onmaize yield components in the early stage of grain-filling（from flowering to milk-ripe stage）, late stage ofgrain-filling（from milk-ripe to maturity stage） and whole stage of grain-filling（from flowering to maturitystage） in this area by mathematical statistics method. The results showed that there was a high negative effect ofmean temperature, mean maximum temperature, diurnal temperature range and sunlight hours on the yieldcomponents at every period of grain-filling stage, while a positive effect of mean minimal temperature as wellas ≥10℃ accumulated temperature on the yield components. The precipitation amount showed a strongpositive correlation with hundred-grain weight of maize in the whole grain-filling stage, but a weak positivecorrelation with the plant- grain weight of maize in the early and late stage of grain- filling. Crop waterconsumption showed a positive effect on the maize yield components in the late stage of grain-filling. Therewas an annually decreasing tendency of the mean temperature, mean maximum temperature, diurnaltemperature range and sunlight hours, while an annually increasing tendency of the mean minimaltemperature, ≥10℃ accumulated temperature and precipitation amount. In conclusion, the heat and sunshinecould meet the needs of maize growth during each grain-filling stage in East Gansu, water was the key element to limit maize yield. Climate change was conducive to maize grain filling and raising maize yield in East Gansu.

关 键 词：陇东塬区 玉米灌浆 气象因子 产量构成因素 

分 类 号：S162.53[农业科学—农业气象学]