地膜覆盖对辣椒地土壤氮素的影响  

Effect of Plastic Film Mulching on Soil Nitrogen in Pepper Field

作　　者：李桢[1] 王佳玮[1] 雷利国 李睿[1] 李增全 郝庆菊[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400716

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2016年第21期134-140,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"地膜覆盖对农田生态系统温室气体排放的影响研究"(41275160);中央高校基本科研业务费专项"地膜覆盖对菜地温室气体排放影响的研究"(XDJK2016D040);西南大学本科生科技创新"光炯"培育项目"地膜覆盖对重庆蔬菜地温室气体排放的影响"

摘　　要：地膜覆盖在西南地区农业生产中有着广泛的应用,但关于地膜覆盖对土壤养分的研究还比较匮乏,为了揭示地膜覆盖对土壤氮素的影响,于2014年5—9月在重庆市北碚区进行了辣椒种植的田间试验,对地膜覆盖条件下辣椒地的土壤水热条件、氮素以及辣椒产量进行观测。相比于对照,试验期间覆膜种植土壤10、20、30 cm平均温度分别提高了2.3、2.8、2.0℃,增温效果显著,而对土壤重量含水量的影响不明显;覆膜种植条件下,土壤耕层全氮、碱解氮、铵态氮和硝态氮含量分别为1.30 g/kg、150.83 mg/kg、112.25 mg/kg、105.80 mg/kg,分别比对照处理增加了7.44%、32.84%、88.72%和73.90%;另外,地膜覆盖能够促进植株发育并提高辣椒产量,使其开花坐果期提前4天,结果时间提前5天,辣椒产量提高14.11%。试验结果表明,地膜覆盖在改善土壤水热条件、增加土壤氮素含量以及提高作物产量方面具有积极作用。Plastic film mulch has been widely used in agricultural production in southwest China, while the reare only few studies about its effect on soil nutrients. In order to reveal the effect of plastic film mulching onsoil nitrogen, a field experiment for exploring soil temperature and moisture, nitrogen and pepper yield underplastic film mulching was conducted in Beibei, Chongqing during May to September in 2014. The warmingeffect of plastic film mulching was obvious and increased with the depth of the soil layer, the averagetemperature of 10, 20 to 30 cm soil increased by 2.3, 2.8 and 2.0℃. But the impact on soil moisture was notobvious. In film mulching growing condition, the total nitrogen, available nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen andnitrate nitrogen in soil reached 1.30 g/kg, 150.83 mg/kg, 112.25 mg/kg, 105.80 mg/kg, and increased by 7.44%, 32.84%, 88.72% and 73.90%, respectively. In addition, plastic film mulching could promote plantdevelopment and increase the yield of pepper, made the flowering and fruit bearing period 4 d in advance, andthe fructescence 5d ahead of schedule, and increased the yield by 14.11%. Therefore, plastic film mulchinghas a positive role in improving soil temperature and moisture condition, enhancing soil nitrogen content and increasing crop yield.

关 键 词：地膜覆盖 土壤氮素 土壤水热条件 辣椒 

分 类 号：S641.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]