放射性废物焚烧炉泄爆模拟实验研究  

Simulative experiment study on explosion venting in radioactive waste incineration furnace

作　　者：郑博文[1] 张鸿 阮佳晟 褚浩然[1] 贾成明[1] 徐卫[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国辐射防护研究院,太原030006 [2]中核四O四有限公司,兰州732850

出　　处：《辐射防护》2016年第4期200-205,217,共7页Radiation Protection

摘　　要：放射性废物焚烧过程中，意外工况下可能发生燃爆，因此需采取有效的泄压措施确保内部压力处于安全范围内。本研究选择爆炸特性与放射性废物热解气相似的甲烷作为实验气体，模拟焚烧炉爆燃条件，开展模拟泄爆实验研究。结果表明：在泄爆口开启压力为0．5～2．0 kPa范围时，泄爆口开启压力对最大泄爆压力的影响可以忽略；在不考虑泄爆管道影响的条件下，当泄放压力、气体性质和容器结构特征确定时，最大泄爆压力与泄爆口面积和内表面积之比成幂函数关系；泄爆系统内部空间的缓冲会对最大泄爆压力产生较大影响。Deflagration or explosion is possible in the radioactive waste incineration furnace in someunexpected conditions and accidents. The venting measure is necessary to decrease the furnace innerpressure of deflagration and explosion into a safety scope. In order to learn the explosion venting processand the main factors, CH_4 of similar combustion feature with the waste pyrloysate gas, is used as thesimulative gas in the certain explosive condition to simulate the deflagration or explosion process. Theresult shows： the peak inner pressure of incineration furnace is nearly invariable when the vent openpressure is in 0.5--2.0 kPa. The peak inner pressure is the power function of the ratio of the vent areaand the inner surface area if the vent open pressure, the gas characteristic and container shape areconfirmed and the effect of venting tube is not considered. However, the venting tube and the bufferspace out of the furnace are significant to venting process.

关 键 词：放射性废物 焚烧 泄爆压力 泄放压力 废物处理 

分 类 号：TL941[核科学技术—辐射防护及环境保护]