某院2012～2015年流感嗜血杆菌分布特征及耐药性分析  

Distribution character and drug resistance of Haemophilus influenza in a hospital from 2012 to 2015

作　　者：杨勇文[1] 李从荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学人民医院检验科,武汉430060

出　　处：《检验医学与临床》2016年第13期1745-1746,1749,共3页Laboratory Medicine and Clinic

基　　金：国家临床重点专科项目(财社2010305)

摘　　要：目的分析流感嗜血杆菌分布特征及耐药性。方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2015年9月分离的流感嗜血杆菌药敏实验结果及相关临床资料。结果共检出流感嗜血杆菌369株,93.2%分离自痰标本,60.2%分离自儿童患者。流感嗜血杆菌对复方磺胺甲噁唑的耐药率最高,达到66.7%,对氨苄西林的耐药率为41.1%,对环丙沙星和头孢噻肟的敏感率超过93.0%,未检出美罗培南耐药菌株。检出多重耐药菌株99株,占26.8%,主要耐药模式为氨苄西林+复方磺胺甲噁唑+氯霉素/头孢呋辛/阿奇霉素。β-内酰胺酶产酶率为37.1%,检出β-内酰胺酶阳性、氨苄西林耐药菌株127株,β-内酰胺酶阴性、氨苄西林耐药菌株27株。分离自儿童患者的菌株对氨苄西林的耐药率和产酶率均高于分离自成人患者的离株(P<0.05)。结论流感嗜血杆菌耐药机制复杂,应加强耐药监测,并根据药敏实验结果合理使用抗菌药物。Objective To analyze the distribution character and drug resistance of Haemophilus influenza （Hin） .Methods Re‐sults of drug susceptibility test and related clinical data of Hin from Jan .2012 to Sep .2015 were retrospectively analyzed .Results Among the total of 369 strains of Hin ,93 .2% were isolated from sputum samples ,and 60 .2% were isolated from child patients . The drug resistant rate to cotrimoxazole was the highest （66 .7% ） ,followed by the 41 .1% to ampicillin .The drug sensitive rates to ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime were higher than 93 .0% .All strains were sensitive to meropenem .Ninety‐nine strains were with multi‐drug resistance ,accounting for 26 .8% ;and the main resistance patterns were cotrimoxazole ＋ ampicillin＋ chloramphenicol/cefu‐roxime/azithromycin .Theβ‐lactamase positive rate was 37 .1% ,and 127 strains were positive with β‐lactamase and resistant to am‐picillin ,27 strains were negative with β‐lactamase and resistant to ampicillin .Ampicillin resistance rate and β‐lactamase production rate of strains ,isolated from child patients ,were higher than those ,isolated from adult patients（P〈0 .05） .Conclusion Hin could be with complex resistance mechanisms .Drug resistance surveillance and rational usage of antibiotics should be strengthened .

关 键 词：流感嗜血杆菌 氨苄西林 Β-内酰胺酶 耐药性 

分 类 号：R378.41[医药卫生—病原生物学]