氮肥运筹对节水高产冬小麦产量及水分利用率的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Water-saving and High-yield Winter Wheat

作　　者：魏建伟[1] 李丁[1] 李强[1] 孙书娈[1] 孟祥海[1] 李会敏[1] 乔文臣[1] 赵明辉[1] 赵凤梧[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所,河北衡水053000

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2016年第13期25-26,50,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：农业部国家小麦产业技术体系项目(CARS-3-2-2);河北省小麦产业技术体系项目(2012-2016)

摘　　要：[目的]研究氮肥运筹对节水高产冬小麦产量和水分利用率的影响,以形成最佳的氮肥底追比例,保护有限水资源。[方法]在统一施用270 kg/hm^2纯氮条件下,选取节水高产冬小麦品种衡4399为材料,研究了底施与追肥比例3∶7、5∶5及7∶3这3种氮肥运筹方式对其产量、水分利用率的影响。[结果]氮肥运筹方式与产量及水分利用率高度相关,种植衡4399等节水高产冬小麦品种采用底追比3∶7的施氮方式,平均产量最高,为7 268.21 kg/hm^2,水分利用率最大,为21.56 kg/(hm^2·mm)。[结论]在黑龙港地区施用270 kg/hm^2纯氮条件下,种植衡4399这类分蘖能力较强的节水高产冬小麦品种宜采用底追比3∶7的施氮方式。[Objective] To research the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on yield and water use efficiency of water-saving and highyield winter wheat,so as to obtain the optimal base and topdressing fertilizer rates,and to protect the limited water resources. [Method]When the nitrogen fertilizer application dosage was 270 kg / hm^2,winter wheat cultivar Heng 4399 was selected,which had the characteristics of water saving and high yield and was widely planted. The ratios of base to topdressing nitrogen fertilizer were 3∶ 7,5∶ 5 and 7∶ 3,respectively. Their effects on yield and water use efficiency were researched. [Result] Nitrogen fertilizer application mode was highly correlated to the yield and water use rate. The 3∶ 7 base-topdressing nitrogen fertilizer was suitable for the planting of Heng 4399 and other water-saving and high-yield cultivars. The average yield was 7 268. 21 kg / hm^2; and water use efficiency was 21.56 kg/（ hm^2·mm）. [Conclusion]Under 270 kg/hm^2 nitrogen fertilizer application in Heilonggang area,planting Heng 4399 and other water-saving and high-yield winter wheat varieties should adopt the application mode of 3∶ 7 base-topdressing nitrogen fertilizer.

关 键 词：冬小麦 氮肥比例 产量 水分利用率 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]