复合干粉用于甲醇泄漏应急处置的有效性试验研究  

Experimental study on effectiveness of composite dry powder in emergence disposal of leaked methanol

作　　者：王守中 董春宏 倪小敏[2] 王喜世[2] 王志刚[2] 丛海勇 

机构地区：[1]总装备部工程设计研究总院 [2]中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2016年第5期164-168,共5页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金："十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2015BAK37B01)

摘　　要：为提高甲醇泄漏应急处置技术水平,开展新型复合干粉处置剂的制备及有效性研究。在小尺度装置上进行甲醇泄漏模拟洗消试验,着重研究复合粉体的组成对洗消率的影响。结果表明:在处置剂和泄漏甲醇的质量比为3:1的条件下,各组分质量配比为金属盐60%、胶凝剂15%、吸附剂20%、防潮和促流动剂5%时,复合干粉对甲醇气体的洗消率可达85%以上,且洗消率在30 min内未见明显下降,显著高于同等条件下细水雾和活性炭等常用处置剂的洗消效率。此外,复合干粉可使未挥发的液态甲醇迅速固化,并转化为金属醇盐,克服了施加细水雾和活性炭等处置剂后甲醇液体仍然流动挥发,导致二次危害的缺点。A new kind of composite dry powder was prepared and tested for emergence decontaminating methanol leakage. Experiments were conducted in a laboratory-scale apparatus,where the effect of the composition on decontamination performance was studied in detail. Results show that the composite powder with optimized composition achieves a decontaminating efficiency of 85% to gaseous methanol with the powder mass three times of the leaked methanol,much higher than that achieved by the commonly used water mist or activated carbon. Moreover,as-prepared powder could fast solidify the liquid methanol to stop its fluidity,avoiding the shortage of secondary harm caused by continuous fluidity and evaporation occurred usually in the cases with water mist or activated carbon.

关 键 词：甲醇 泄漏 应急处置 复合干粉 洗消 

分 类 号：X928.5[环境科学与工程—安全科学]