应变玻璃及其奇异特性  

Strain Glass and Its Novel Properties

作　　者：王宇[1] 周玉美[1] 纪元超 任晓兵[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学前沿科学技术研究院,物质非平衡合成与调控教育部重点实验室,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《中国材料进展》2016年第6期401-408,440,共8页Materials China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51471127);科技部“973”计划项目(2012CB619401)

摘　　要：应变玻璃是形状记忆合金材料体系中发现的短程有序晶格应变区域(纳米应变畴)的冻结态。它的宏观物理性质具有典型的玻璃化转变特征,如动态冻结特性和非各态遍历性;在微观结构上表现为母相基体中形成了许多随机分布的纳米应变畴,但平均结构不随温度改变。应变玻璃表现出一些独特的相变行为,如应变玻璃的等温马氏体相变、应变玻璃的应力诱发马氏体相变等。此外,该体系还具有许多功能特性,包括形状记忆效应、超弹性、弹热效应、阻尼效应、力控阻尼效应、Invar和Elinvar效应,因此这类新型金属智能材料具有很强的应用潜质。应变玻璃合金独特的纳米应变畴对温度和外场的响应导致了以上多种功能特性的产生。Strain glass is a frozen state of short-range-ordered lattice strains （ nano-sized strain domains）, which is found in shape memory alloy systems. Its physical properties show typical glassy features such as dynamic freezing and non-erg- odicity. Microscopically, it is characterized by many randomly distributed nano-sized strain domains embedded in parent matrix. However, its average structure does not change with temperature. The strain glass system exhibits some unique transforming behaviors such as isothermal transition from strain glass to martensite and stress induced transition from strain glass to martensite. Moreover, strain glass exhibits multi-functional properties including shape memory effect, superelastic- ity, elastocaloric effect, damping effect, stress controlled damping together with Invar and Elinvar effects, which demon- strates such a new kind of metallic intelligent material has big potential in application. The multi-functional properties of strain glass are closely related with its microstructure, and they originate from the response of its nano-sized strain domains to the temperature and external field.

关 键 词：金属智能材料 应变玻璃 形状记忆合金 马氏体相变 

分 类 号：TG139.6[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]