《文心雕龙》的雅俗观及文学雅俗之辨  

The Concept of Refinement and Popularity in Intent and Ornament in Literature and a Distinction between Refined and Popular Literature

作　　者：黄维樑[1] 

机构地区：[1]俄亥俄州立大学文学院

出　　处：《海南师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2016年第5期73-82,共10页Journal of Hainan Normal University(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：《文心雕龙》谓文学风格有八种,第一种是典雅,而"典雅者,熔式经诰,方轨儒门者也";《文心》一书,"雅"字常出现。《文心》论"谐",则说它"辞浅会俗,皆悦笑也",又说"俗皆爱奇"。《文心》并没有"雅文学"和"俗文学"的名目,也没有把"雅"和"俗"放在一起加以比较讨论;但上引的观点,对我们今天的文学雅俗之辨,颇有参考价值。一般来说,通俗文学"辞浅"、"奇"情、富娱乐性(刺激、"悦笑"),其读者为普通大众;高雅文学则辞较深、情较不奇、缺乏通俗的娱乐性,其读者为文化修养较高的人,尤其是文学学者。《诗经·国风》的情诗、很多唐诗宋词、荷马的史诗、莎士比亚的戏剧,在发表、流行的当时是通俗文学。屈原的《离骚》、杜甫的《秋兴》、艾略特的《荒原》、乔艾斯的《尤利西斯》,在发表时一直到现在,都是高雅文学。通俗文学如经得起时间的考验,且成为学者注释、赏析、研究的对象,则转化成为高雅文学。文章引述现代学者对雅俗文学的见解,列举古今中外的作品,包括上述提到的,以及狄更斯、余光中、九把刀等,作纵横析论,以畅题旨,并指出《文心》雅俗观历久弥新的理论价值。As stated in Intent and Ornament in Literature,there are eight literary styles,the first of them being known as elegance which often occurs. Although there are neither items like ＂refined literature＂and ＂popular literature＂nor any contrastive analysis of ＂elegance＂and ＂popularity＂in Intent and Ornament in Literature,some relevant ideas quoted from the book are of much reference value for a distinction between refined literature and popular literature. Generally speaking,popular literature is characterized by simple language,＂unusual＂passions and entertainment,and its readers are the general public; while refined literature is marked by abstruse language and less entertainment,and its readers often embrace fine cultural attainment,esp. on the part of literary scholars. Love songs from ＂Airs from the States＂of The Book of Odes,numerous poems and Ci poems of Tang and Song dynasties,epics by Homer,and dramas by Shakespeare are referred to as popular literature at the time of their publication and popularity; whereas Qu Yuan＇s Li Sao,Du Fu＇s Eight Poems of Qiuxing,T. S. Eliot＇s The Waste Land,and Joyce＇s Ulysses have been known as refined literature since their publication. Popular literature can turn into refined literature once it can be time-honored and be subject to annotation,appreciation and study by scholars. This paper aims to expound on the distinction of refined and popular literature and highlight the enduring theoretical value of the concept of elegance and popularity in Intent and Ornament in Literature by quoting modern scholars＇ views on refined and popular literature and by referring to numerous literary works at home and abroad.

关 键 词：《文心雕龙》 高雅文学 通俗文学 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]