青藏高原东缘两种橐吾访花昆虫的多样性及访花行为研究  

Diversity and visiting behavior of flower-visiting insects of two species of Ligularia in the east of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

作　　者：孙坤[1] 王柏森[1] 贾凌云[1] 张世虎[1] 侯勤正[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学生命科学学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《西北师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第4期83-87,92,共6页Journal of Northwest Normal University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31270429)

摘　　要：研究青藏高原东缘高寒草甸重要毒杂草黄帚橐吾与箭叶橐吾两个同域近缘种的访花昆虫种类及其活动规律.对不同时段的访花昆虫和传粉昆虫种类调查,捕获并鉴定.两种橐吾的访花昆虫多样,共有分属膜翅目、双翅目和鳞翅目的11科昆虫访花,蜜蜂科、熊蜂科、眼蝶科和食蚜蝇科的昆虫为两种橐吾的主要传粉者,其中蜜蜂科昆虫的访花频率明显高于其它访花昆虫,其平均访花频率达3.13±2.13次·株^(-1)·h^(-1);两种橐吾的传粉昆虫基本一致,其中蜜蜂科与食蚜蝇科昆虫的访花频率在两种间无明显差异(P>0.05),但熊蜂科与眼蝶科昆虫对黄帚橐吾与箭叶橐吾的访花频率有显著性差异(P<0.05),这与两种橐吾花期先后有关;一天内不同时间段访花昆虫对橐吾的访花频率不同,访花频率最高的蜜蜂科昆虫的访花高峰期为11:30~12:30,气温、光照等环境因素都可能影响访花昆虫的活动.黄帚橐吾与箭叶橐吾访花昆虫种类多样且泛化,是两种橐吾适应高原环境下的繁殖对策.The flower-visiting insects of the significant poisonous weeds,Ligularia virgaurea（Maxim.）Mattf and Ligularia sagitta（Maxim.）Mattf,which sympatric distributed in eastern of Qinghai-Tibet plateau,has been studied.The species of flower-visiting insect and pollinating insects in different times are investigated,captured and identified.The visiting insects of L.virgaurea and L.sagitta belong to Hymenoptera,Diptera,Lepidoptera,amount to 11 families,in which Apidae,Bombidae,Satyridae and Syrphidae are mayjor pollinator of the two plant species.The flower-visiting frequencies of Apidae are evidently higher than others,and the average frequency is 3.13±2.13times·plant^-1·h^-1.L.virgaurea and L.sagittashare the same pollinators and there is no significant difference（P〉0.05）between the two species of flower visiting frequency of Apidae and Syrphidae. However,the visiting frequency of Bombidae and Satyrinae show significant difference（P〈0.05）,it relates to the florescence of two kinds of Ligularia.Different period in one day has different visiting frequencies of flower-visiting insect for L.virgaureaand L.sagitta,peak of visiting frequencies of Apidae insects are 11：30-12：30,the activity of flower-visiting insects can be affected by environmental factors such as temperature and light.The species of L.virgaurea and L.sagitta are diversity and generalization,it is the reproductive strategy of two ligularias to adapt to the plateau environment.

关 键 词：黄帚橐吾 箭叶橐吾 访花昆虫 访花行为 日活动规律 

分 类 号：O948.1[理学]