X线机房内射线空间分布及合理利用的实验研究  

Experimental study on the spatial distribution of X-ray in the X-ray room and the rational use of the results

作　　者：朱姬莹[1] 徐秀芳[1] 彭文献[1] 林尧[1] 曹佳红 杨天化[2] 

机构地区：[1]杭州医学院医学影像系,浙江杭州310053 [2]杭州医学院信息发展中心,浙江杭州310053

出　　处：《实用放射学杂志》2016年第7期1109-1111,共3页Journal of Practical Radiology

基　　金：2014年浙江省大学生科技创新活动计划（新苗人才计划,2014R434002）;浙江省医药卫生科技计划项目（2015117888）;浙江省教育厅教育技术研究规划课题（JB079）.

摘　　要：目的：探讨 X 线机房内辐射场分布情况,为危重患者、陪护人员和需要进入机房施救的医务工作者提供科学的辐射防护依据。方法以 X 线管为中心,在摄影床水平面选择不同的点放置热释光剂量计（TLDs）,改变 X 线摄影技术参数中的 X 线管电压值（kV）和照射野（FOV）,选定不同的实验条件分组曝光,将受照射后的热释光剂量计送到实验室测量,所测数据均扣除本底。结果对每组实验数据中方位和距离2个变量进行单因素方差分析,P 值均〈0.01,差异有统计学意义。相同 X 线摄影条件下,距离 X 线管中心越远,辐射剂量值越低,距离 X 线管中心越近辐射剂量值越高,10 cm 处的剂量值最高,距离 X 线管中心120 cm 处的剂量值最低；相同摄影条件和距离,辐射场剂量值在机房 X 线管阳极侧相对较低,辐射场剂量值在 X 线管后方相对较高；相同管电压值、相同距离和方位,FOV 为52.6 cm×52.6 cm 比 FOV 为34 cm×34 cm 条件下的辐射场剂量值较高；相同 FOV、相同距离和方位,120 kV 比70 kV 条件下的辐射场剂量值较高。结论X 线机房内医护及陪护人员的位置应尽量选择右侧方向（阳极）,远离X 线管中心,避开 X 线管后方和阴极方向,可明显降低受照辐射剂量。Objective To study the radiation dose distribution in the X-ray room,and provide the strategy of radiation protection for the medical staff and the patient’s nursing who had to enter the room while the X-ray was exposing.Methods The thermolumi-nescent dosemeters（TLDs）was placed around the center of the X-ray tube with the same level of the bed.Then,exposure parame-ters,including the X-ray tube voltage value and the field of view,were changed for different groups while exposing.All of the TLDs were taken back to the lab for analysis.Results The differences between the two groups which had the same distance in different di-rections were statistically significant （P 〈0.01）.With the same radiographic condition and direction,the radiation dose on the site of 10 cm from X-ray tube center was the maximum,while the site of 120 cm was the minimum.With the same radiographic condition and distance,the radiation dose on the anode side of the X-ray tube in the room was relative lower,while the site behind the X-ray tube was relative higher.With the same voltage value,distance and direction,the same sites that had the smaller FOV（34 cm×34 cm） received lower radiation dose than those with larger FOV（52.6 cm× 52.6 cm）.Meanwhile,the sites with the voltage of 70 kV re-ceived the lower radiation dose than that with the voltage value of 120 kV.Conclusion In the X-ray room,the medical staff and the patient’s nursing can choose the area on the right side（anode side）,keep far away from the X-ray tube center,avoid the rear of the X-ray tube and the cathodic direction of the X-ray tube to reduce the radiation dose.

关 键 词：放射防护 辐射场 剂量 

分 类 号：R814.41[医药卫生—影像医学与核医学] R814.49[医药卫生—放射医学]