基因组编辑技术在1型单纯疱疹病毒研究中的作用和意义  

Application of genome editing technologies in researches on herpes simplex virus 1

作　　者：徐兴丽[1] 李琦涵[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院医学生物学研究所云南省重大传染病疫苗研发重点实验室,昆明650118

出　　处：《中华微生物学和免疫学杂志》2016年第6期472-476,共5页Chinese Journal of Microbiology and Immunology

摘　　要：病毒基因组编辑技术对研究病毒基因的功能及病毒感染性疾病的治疗有着不可或缺的作用。随着基因工程技术的发展，多种病毒基因组突变技术应运而生。传统的同源重组技术一直用于编辑病毒基因组，然而，该技术的重组频率极低。此后，基因组较大的病毒如单纯疱疹病毒1型（HSV-1）可以通过细菌人工染色体质粒系统进行编辑，但是将较大的病毒基因组克隆到细菌人工染色体质粒费力费时，并且质粒的部分基因或药物选择标记物可能残留在病毒基因组内而影响病毒基因的功能。2013年发现的CRISPR-cas9系统可以完成对各类DNA病毒高效准确的定点基因编辑，而且该系统在对病毒基因组进行编辑过程中不会遗留系统自身的遗传物质。本文就同源重组技术、细菌人工染色体和CRISPR-cas9系统这三类基因组编辑技术在 HSV-1相关研究中的应用进行简要综述。The viral genome editing technologies have been shown to largely contribute to the stud-ies of viral gene functions and to the treatment of infectious diseases. With the development of genetic engi-neering technologies, a variety of viral genome mutation technologies have been established. The homologous recombination is traditionally used to edit the viral genome, but the low frequency of homologous recombina-tion limits its application. Large genome DNA viruses including herpes simplex virus 1 can be edited by bac-terial artificial chromosome system. However, the cloning of viral genome to bacterial artificial chromosome plasmid is both laborious and time-consuming, and parts of the plasmid genes or drug selection markers may remain in the genome of virus and then affect the function of virus. Fortunately, the CRISPR-cas9 system which was discovered in 2013 can be used to edit the viral genome efficiently and accurately. Furthermore, the experiment is simple and will not leave any trail of the viral genome when the genetic mutation is per-formed. Here, we briefly review the application of homologous recombination, bacterial artificial chromosome system and CRISPR-cas9 system in researches on herpes simplex virus 1.

关 键 词：基因组编辑技术 单纯疱疹病毒1型 

分 类 号：Q78[生物学—分子生物学] R373[医药卫生—病原生物学]