不同施氮水平对砂培小茴香生长及精油含量与组分的影响  

The Effect of Different Nitrogen Concentrations on Sand Culture Fennel Plant Growth, Essential Oil Contents and Components

作　　者：张宇鹏[1] 潘春香[1] 谢永聪[1] 

机构地区：[1]韶关学院英东农业科学与工程学院,广东韶关512005

出　　处：《韶关学院学报》2016年第2期46-50,共5页Journal of Shaoguan University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31070287)

摘　　要：以内蒙古小茴香为材料,采用砂培法,以NH4NO3为氮肥,设计0 mmol·L-1（CK）、30 mmol·L-1、60 mmol·L-1、90 mmol·L-1和120 mmol·L-1五个施氮水平,探讨不同施氮水平对小茴香植株生长、叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、全氮含量以及精油含量和组分的影响.结果表明：60 m M和30 m M处理小茴香株高达到35.2±4.74 cm和34.1±1.76 cm,分别极显著较对照高26.62%和22.66%;施用氮肥后叶片叶绿素含量最高的是60 m M处理,是对照的2倍.不同施氮水平对小茴香的地上部生物量影响显著,施氮量30～90 m M随氮浓度的增加,小茴香地上部干重较对照分别高0.85%、3.40%和37.44%.可溶性蛋白质含量随施氮量的增加而增加,但对精油提取量影响不大.施用不同水平的氮肥主要影响小茴香精油中柠檬烯和α-萜品烯的相对含量,且90 m M处理效果最好.主成分反式茴香脑含量也以90 m M处理值最高,但各处理之间差异不显著.The study took fennel of Inner Mongolia of China as materials, and NH4NO3 as nitrogenous fertilizer, designing 5 different nitrogen application levels （0 mmol· L-1（CK）30 retool· L-1,60 retool· L-1,90 retool· L-1 and 120 mmol· L-1 respectively）. Basing on sand culture method, it explored the effects of different nitrogen levels on the fennel growth, chlorophyll content, soluble sugar content, soluble protein content, total nitrogen content and essential oil contents and components. The results showed： the plant height of fennel with 60 mM and 30 mM nitrogen applying treatments were 35.2 ～ 4.74 cm and 34.1 ～ 1.76 respectively, more higher than no nitrogen treatment （26.62% and 22.66% respectively） and reached an extremely significant difference. After fertilizing nitrogen, the chlorophyll content of leaves of fennel with 60 mM nitrogen applying treatment was the largest and two times to that of the contrast group. Different nitrogen application levels on fennel led to remarkable differences, with the increasing concentrations of nitrogen from 30 to 90 mM, dry matter weight of shoot of fennel were higher than contrast（0.85%, 3.40% and 37.44% respectively）. Besides, there was more nitrogen applying, while there would be more soluble protein content, but there was little effect on essential oil. The effects of different nitrogen applications on essential oil of fennel mainly affects the relative content between limonene and a-terpinene, and the best treatment is 90 raM. The highest contents of （E）-anethole is treatment 90mM, but the difference is not significant with other treatments.

关 键 词：小茴香 施氮水平 精油含量 精油成分 

分 类 号：S311[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]