开发区生产率优势的来源:集聚效应还是选择效应?  

Sources of Productivity Advantages of Special Economic Zones:Agglomeration Effect or Selection Effect?

作　　者：王永进[1] 张国峰[2] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学国际经济贸易系、中国特色社会主义经济建设协同创新中心,300071 [2]南开大学经济学院、中国特色社会主义经济建设协同创新中心,300071

出　　处：《经济研究》2016年第7期58-71,共14页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71573141、71473133、71203104);南开大学博士研究生科研创新基金的资助

摘　　要：准确识别开发区生产率优势的来源,对于开发区的效率评价和政策制定具有重要意义。本文首次从"集聚效应"和"选择效应"两个方面对开发区影响生产率的渠道进行了论证,进而运用Combes et al.(2012)的方法对开发区和非开发区的生产率分布进行了系统比较,并定量识别了开发区的"集聚效应"和"选择效应"。研究发现:(1)"集聚效应"和"选择效应"都显著提高了开发区的生产率水平;(2)平均而言,开发区企业的生产率优势主要源自"集聚效应",但是这种"集聚效应"持续期非常短,在开发区成立三年后就基本消失。由制度和政策优惠所形成"选择效应"则是开发区长期生产率优势的主要源泉;(3)民营、小规模、年轻的低效率企业从"集聚效应"中获益更大,这一方面意味着开发区有助于提高资源配置效率,另一方面也说明开发区起到了"孵化器"的作用,促进了民营中小企业的发展。Identifying the sources of productivity advantages in special economic zones （SEZs） is important for the policy makers and academic circle alike. This paper attempts to be the first to distinguish the two important channels-- agglomeration effect and selection effect--through which special economic zones affect productivity. Using the approach developed by Combes et al. （2012）, we compare the productivity distributions between SEZs and non-SEZs in detail, thereby quantify the importance of the agglomeration and selection effect. We find that, firstly, both agglomeration and selection effect improve firms＇ productivity in the zones, but the productivity advantage is mainly driven by the selection effect; Secondly, the agglomeration effect only operates in the short-term, and it is dominated by the selection effect in the long run. Thirdly, young, private and less productive firms benefit more from agglomeration effect, suggesting that SEZs contribute to improving the resource allocation and that SEZs do have the effect of ＂ incubator＂ , so as to promote the development of small and medium-sized private enterprises.

关 键 词：开发区 生产率优势 集聚效应 选择效应 

分 类 号：F127[经济管理—世界经济]