我国常见生殖系统疾病流行概析  

General analysis of common reproductive system diseases in China

作　　者：赵晶[1,2] 朱虔兮[2] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学流行病与卫生统计学教研室,上海200032 [2]上海市计划生育科学研究所生殖流行病学与社会医学研究室国家人口和计划生育委员会计划生育药具重点实验室,上海200237

出　　处：《生殖与避孕》2016年第7期589-595,共7页Reproduction and Contraception

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目;项目号:81102172

摘　　要：梅毒、淋病和前列腺癌、宫颈癌等是我国常见额生殖系统疾病。生殖系统传染性疾病多病种流行特征各异,表现为梅毒疫情严峻,存在胎传梅毒流行风险;淋病流行减缓显著;艾滋病感染途径转为以性传播为主。生殖系统恶性肿瘤发病和死亡整体呈上升趋势,存在显著城乡差异,表现为前列腺癌在城市地区明显高发,中老年男性为高危人群;宫颈癌发病死亡上升趋势较缓,农村负担重于城市,贫困地区女性为易感人群。除社会文化观念改变和人口流动频繁外,母婴传播阻断困难、艾滋病难以治愈等多种原因导致性传播疾病流行;多种肿瘤危险因素多重累积暴露可能是肿瘤发病趋势增加的重要原因。我国正面临常见生殖系统传染性疾病和慢性非传染性恶性肿瘤流行的双重负担。需倡导个体安全性行为,减少肿瘤危险因素暴露,完善生殖健康教育、服务及监测体系,遏制生殖系统疾病负担进一步加重。Syphilis, gonorrhea, prostate cancer and cervical cancer, etc., are common reproductive system diseases in China. Different infectious diseases varied in epidemiological characteristics： congenital syphilis became a new threat; the incidence of gonorrhea decreased significantly; sexual transmission became the predominant infection route of HIV/AIDS. Morbidity and mortality of malignant reproductive tumors was increasing with significant urban-rural disparities. A high incidence of prostate cancer existed in urban areas, especially among the middle-aged and elderly men, however, diseases burden of cervical cancer were much heavier in counties than in cities. The epidemics of STDs were caused by significant changes on cultural value, frequent population flow, difficulty on blocking maternal-neonatal transmission and hard-to-treat feature. China is facing a double burden on infectious and chronic non-communicable reproductive diseases. To effectively curb the rising burden, more attention should be paid to advocate individual safety behavior, avoid exposure to risk factors, promote the propaganda and education on reproductive health, and improve the health service and monitoring system.

关 键 词：生殖系统疾病 生殖流行病学 中国 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学] R737[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学] R759