利用功能填料制备高性能聚氨酯复合材料  

Preparation of High Performance Polyurethane Composites Using Functional Fillers

作　　者：张孟伟[1] 吴志强[1] 王柯[1] 傅强[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学高分子科学与工程学院,高分子材料工程国家重点实验室,四川成都610065

出　　处：《塑料工业》2016年第7期127-131,141,共6页China Plastics Industry

摘　　要：通过熔融共混制备了以热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)为基体,锆钛酸铅陶瓷粉末(PZT)和碳纳米管(CNT)为填料的复合材料;并通过热层压的方法分别获得填料分布均一或者呈梯度结构分布的板材。采用扫描电子显微镜、动态热机械分析仪、高阻仪、热失重分析仪、矢量网络分析仪等表征手段研究了复合材料中填料的分散状态,以及复合材料的导电性能、阻尼性能、电磁屏蔽性能等。结果表明,陶瓷粉末的加入能够有效改善碳纳米管在聚合物基体中的分散,提高复合材料的电导率,降低导电的逾渗阈值;同时陶瓷粉末能够提高复合材料的高温阻尼性能;通过多层叠压的方法得到的梯度功能材料比均一结构材料具有更好的阻尼性能和电磁屏蔽性能,而且节约了成本。A series of thermoplastic polyurethane （TPU） based composites with different contents of carbon nanotubes （CNTs） and lead zirconate titanate （PZT） powders were prefabricated by melt blending. The composite materials with homodisperse and gradient dispersion were prepared successfully by hot pressing. The dispersion of fillers in polyurethane composites, and the damping property, electrical conductivity and electromagnetic shielding property of the composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, dynamic thermomechanical analysis, high resistance instrument, thermos gravimetric analyzer and vector network analyzer. The experimental results indicate that the dispersion of CNTs gets better and the electrical conductivity of the composites increases gradually with the adding of PZT powders. The higher-temperatured damping property increases on account of the PZT powders. The functionally gradient materials by mutil-layer laminate have better damping and electromagnetic shielding property than homodisperse materials.

关 键 词：聚氨酯 碳纳米管 锆钛酸铅陶瓷粉末 高性能化 梯度功能材料 

分 类 号：TB33[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]